Türkiye’de Ana Akarsu Havzaları Ölçeğinde Morfometrik İndislerle Sel/Taşkın Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Hidrometeorolojik kaynaklı sel ve taşkın gibi kısa süreli jeomorfolojik olayların alansal etkisi, havza boyutuna bağlı değişmektedir. Morfometri havzanın boyutsal unsurlarını sayısal olarak ifade ederek, havzanın özellikle akarsu ve yamaç gibi dinamik süreçlere duyarlılığı konusunda önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma belirli düzeyde Türkiye'deki havzaların morfometrik dağılımını belirleme ve literatürde sel ve taşkın gibi olaylarla ilişkilendirilen morfometrinin, bu olaylara katkısını değerlendirme amacını taşımaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye'nin 14 ana havzası ve kapalı havzalar dahil olmak üzere 26 havzanın birincil düzeyde alt havzası için morfometrik analizleri SRTM 90 m SYM ile yapılmıştır. Analizler, çizgisel morfometri, alansal morfometri ve rölyef morfometrisini içermektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular hem ana havza hem de birincil alt havza düzeyinde ele alınmıştır. Havzalar arasındaki benzersiz özellikler morfometri ile ortaya konmuş, elde edilen sonuçlar topografik, jeomorfolojik ve jeolojik unsurlarla değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra Türkiye’de havza bazında gerçekleşen sel ve taşkın olay sayıları ile morfometri ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Ana ve alt havza düzeyinde sel ve taşkın frekansı, morfometrik değerler anlamlılık bakımından kıyaslanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Türkiye
• havza
• morfometri
• sel-taşkın
• STRM 90m SYM

The Evaluation of Flood/Flash Flood and Morphometric Analysis of Main and Sub-basins of Turkey via SRTM 90M DEM

Öz

The spatial impact of short-term geomorphological events such as floods and flash floods varies depending on the size of the basin. The morphometry provides important clues about the susceptibility of a basin, particularly to dynamic processes such as rivers and slopes, by numerically expressing the dimensional aspects of the basin. This study aims, to a certain extent, to determine the morphometric distribution of basins in Turkey and evaluate the contribution of morphometry associated with events such as floods and flash floods to these occurrences in the literature. For this purpose, the morphometric analyses were conducted on a total of 26 basins, including the primary level sub-basins of Turkey's 14 main basins and closed basins, using SRTM 90m DEM. These analyses encompass linear morphometry, areal morphometry, and relief morphometry elements. The findings obtained in this study have been addressed at both the main basin and primary sub-basin levels. Unique features among the basins have been identified through morphometry, and the results obtained have been associated with topographic, geomorphological, and geological elements. Additionally, the relationship between morphometry and the number of flood and flash flood events occurring in Turkey basins has been investigated. The flood and flash flood inundation frequency at both main and sub-basin levels have been compared with morphometric values in terms of significance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Turkey
• basin
• morphometry
• flood-flash flood
• STRM 90m DEM

Kaynakça

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