Işıklı Gölü’nün (Denizli-Çivril) Yıllık ve Aylık Göl Yüzey Alanı ve Su Rengi Değişim Analizleri

Öz

Göller, oluşum kökenleri, yükselti seviyesi, derinlikleri, hidrografik beslenme kaynakları, bulunduğu iklim koşullarındaki farklılıklar ve antropojenik unsurlarla etkileşimi nedeniyle dinamik değişim yapısına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Işıklı Gölü’nün (Denizli-Çivril) yıllar arası (1984-2024) ve aylık (2023 yılı içerisinde) yüzey alanı ve göl rengi değişimlerinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada; 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014 ve 2024 yıllarına ait 10 yıl aralıklarla Landsat uydu görüntüleri ile 2023 yılının her ayına ait Sentinel uydu görüntüleri, meteorolojik veriler materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Belirtilen uydu görüntülerinden NDWI analizi ile uzun ve kısa dönemli su yüzey alanları belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra her uydu görüntüsünün elektromanyetik spektrum görünür dalga boyunun baskın değeri tespit edilmiştir. Buradan elde edilen verilerle de gölün uzun ve kısa dönemli rengi saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca GCI analizine tabi tutulmuş ortalama değerler üzerinden gölün sucul bitki, klorofil dağılış yoğunluğu ortaya konmuştur. Son olarak aylık göl yüzey alanı, göl rengi, uzun yıllar ortalama aylık sıcaklık ve yağış değerleri korelasyona tabi tutulmuş, aralarındaki bağlantı düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, 1984’den 2024’e göl yüzeyinin 30,3 km2 alan kaybettiği ve gölün % 48,7 küçüldüğünü göstermektedir. 2023 yılının aylık su yüzey alanı pik verilerinden göl yüzeyinin martta 42 km2 olduğu, eylülde ise 16 km2’ye kadar küçüldüğü saptanmıştır. Göl renginin martta mavi tonlarda, eylülde ise sucul bitki, su kaybı, ötrofikasyon nedeniyle yeşil tonlarda olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göl rengi ve değişimi
• Işıklı Gölü
• CBS
• uzaktan algılama

Annual and Monthly Lake Surface Area and Water Colour Change Analyses of Işıklı Lake (Denı̇zlı̇-Çı̇vrı̇l)

Abstract

Lakes have a dynamic change structure due to their origin of formation, elevation level, depth, hydrographic feeding sources, differences in climatic conditions and interaction with anthropogenic factors. In this study, it was aimed to analyse the inter-annual (1984-2024) and monthly surface area and lake colour changes of Işıklı Lake (Denizli-Çivril). In the study; Landsat satellite images of 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014 and 2024 at 10-year intervals and Sentinel satellite images of each month of 2023 and meteorological data were used as materials. Long and short term water surface areas were determined by NDWI analysis from the mentioned satellite images. Then, the dominant value of the visible wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum of each satellite image was determined. The long and short term colour of the lake was determined with the data obtained from here. In the study, aquatic plant and chlorophyll distribution density of the lake was also determined based on the average values subjected to GCI analysis. Finally, monthly lake surface area, lake colour, long-term average monthly temperature and precipitation values were correlated and the level of connection between them was examined. The findings obtained show that the lake surface lost 30.3 km2 of area from 1984 to 2024 and the lake shrunk by 48.7%. In 2023, it was determined from the monthly water surface area peak data that the lake surface was 42 km2 in March and decreased to 16 km2 in September. It was determined that the lake colour was blue in March and green in September due to aquatic plants, water loss and eutrophication.

Keywords

• Lake colour and change
• Işıklı Lake
• GIS
• remote sensing

Kaynakça

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