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BENEFITS OF RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES USED IN IMPLANT DENTISTRY FOR SURGICAL AND PROSTHETIC TREATMENT

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 24 Sayı: Supplement 8, 141 - 151, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.45203

Öz

The most important phase of the implant dentistry, as well as all the other branches of the clinical dentistry, is diagnosis and planning. Anatomical, prosthetic and mechanical factors must be taken into account for long-term success of the implant. A number of specific diagnostic methods or techniques such as conventional radiography, tomography, diagnostic models, measuring the thickness of the mucosa, determination of the bone density are available for the radiologic evaluation in implant dentistry. The selection and decision of the proper imaging technique is made according to the clinical and individual requirements of the patients. In this study, the benefits of the radiographic techniques used in the implant dentistry are presented for the surgical and prosthetic treatment. 

Kaynakça

  • Altay OT, Uysal H, Öztunç H, Eryımaz M. Comparison of four radiographic imaging techniques for implant diagnosis (on dry mandible topography). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 1997;21:51.
  • Çelik İ, Toroman M, Mıhçıoğlu T, Ceritoğlu D. Dental Radyografik Yöntemlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2007;13:21-8. Kullanılan
  • Sertgöz A. İmplantolojide 3 Boyutlu Planlama, İmplantr, 2006;2:(2):34-44.
  • Thanyakarn C, Hansen K, Rohlin M, Akesson L. Meassurements of tooth length in panoramic radiographs Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992;21:26-30. use of indicators.
  • Wyatt CCL, Phoroah MJ. Imaging techniques and image interpretation for dental implant treatment. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:442-52.
  • Misch CE. Dental Implant Prosthetics, Copyright, Mosby, 2005
  • Kircos LT. Preprosthetic imaging in prospective, Chicago, 1990, Universty of Chicago
  • Englaman MJ, Sorensen JA, Moy P. Optimum placement of osseointegrated implants, J Prosthet Dent 1998;59:467-73.
  • Kæppler G. New radiographic programs for transverse conventional tomograms in the dentomaxillofacial region. Quintessence Int 1999;30:541-9.
  • Tyndall Da, Brooks Sl, Hill C, Arbor A. Selection criteria for dental implant site imaging: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial radiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:630-7.
  • McCormack FW. A plea for a standardized technique for oral radiology with an illustrated classification of findings and their verified interpretations, J Dent Res 1920;2:467-510.
  • Goaz PW, White SC. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation, St Louis, 1992, Mosby
  • Fernandes RJ, Azarbal M, Ismail YH. A cephalometric tomographic technique to visualize the buccolingual and vertical dimensions of the mandible, J Prosthet Dent 1987;58:466-70.
  • Grondahl K, Ekestubbe A, Grondahl HG. Technical considerations for intraoral radiography in postoperative examination, Nobel Biocare Global Forum 1996;10:10-1.
  • Sandallı P. Erler Matbacılık, 2000
  • Tunalı B. Multidispliner Bir Yaklaşımla Oral İmplantoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara, 2000
  • Sakakura CE, Morais J,Loffredo LCM, Scarf G. A survey of radiographic prescription in dental implant assessment. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2003;32:397-400.
  • Angulo F. Panoramic radiograph in edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Acta Odontol Venez. 1989;27:60-7.
  • Mc David WD, Tronje G, Welander U. A method to maintain throughout the exposure of rotational panoramic radiographs.Dentomaxillafac Radiol. 1989;18:160- 8. magnification factor
  • Akgünlü Faruk, Kansu Özden. Panaromik radyog- raflarda görüntünün büyümesine neden olan fak- törlerin matematiksel analizi mandibüler dikey büyüme. Cumhuriyet Ünivi Dişheki Faki Derg 2000; 3:105-9.
  • Todd A, Gher M, Quitero G, Richardson A. Interpretation of linear and computed tomograms in the assessment of implant recipient sites. J Periodontol 1993;63:1243-9.
  • İplikçioğlu H, Akça K, Çehreli MC. The use of computerized tomography for diagnosisand treatment planing in implant dentistry. J Oral İmplantol 2002;28:29-36.
  • Misch CE, Crawford EA. Predictable mandibular nerve location: a clinical zone of safety, Int J Oral İmplantol 1990;7:37-40.
  • Klinge B, Petersson A, Maly P. Location of the mandibular canal: comparison of macroscopic findings, conventional radiography, and conputed tomography, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1989;4:327-31.
  • Sonick M, Abrahams J, Faiella RA. A comparison of the accuracy of periapical, panoramic, and computerized tomographic radiographs in locating the mandibular canal, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:455-60.
  • Dula K, Mini R, Van der Stelt PF, Buser D. The radiographic assessment of implant petients: Decision-making criteria. Int J Oral Maksillofac Imp. 2001;16: 80-9.
  • Rothman SLG. Dental Applications of Computerized Tomography: Surgical Planning for Implant Placement. Chicago, Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., 1998
  • Mupparapu M, Singer SR. Implant imaging for dentist. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 2004;70: 32-8.
  • White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. 5nd ed., Philedelphia, Mosby. Inc. 2004
  • Muraki S, Kita Y. A Survey of Medical Applications of 3D Image Analysis and Computer Graphics, Systems and Computers in Japan. 2006; 37:13-46
  • Tuncel E. Klinik Radyoloji Güneş & Nobel tıp Kitapevi, Bursa, 1994
  • Reiskin AB. Implant imaging. Status, controversies and new developments. Dent Clin North Amer 1998;42:47-56.
  • Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Cleynenbreugel JV, Sanderink F, Schutyser F, Suetens P, Steenberghe DV, Quirynen M. The nasopalatinal canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2004;33: 396-402.
  • Helms C, Morrish R, Kircos LT. Computed the tomography considerations, Radiology 1982;141:718-24.
  • Engstrom H, Svendsen P. Computed tomography of the maksilla in edentulous patients, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981;52:557-60.
  • Au-Yeung KM. Ahuja AT. Ching ASC, Metreweli C. Dentascan in oral imaging. Clinical Radiology. 2001;56: 700-13.
  • Gahleitner A, Watzek G, Imhof H. Dental CT: imaging techniqoe, anatomy and pathologic conditions of the jaw. Eur. Radiol. 2003;13: 366-7.
  • Ersoy E, Ozan O. Oral implantoloji öncesi güncel radyolojik Dentalmedya, Eylül-Ekim 2006;16:38-45. değerlendirilmesi,
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A. Dental implant teratment planning using conventional radiogrphy Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2001;30:255-64. tomography.
  • Reddy MS, Mayfield-Donahoo T, Jeffcoat MK. A semiautomed computer-assisted method for measuring bone loss adjacent to dental implants. Clin Oral Imp Res 1992;3:28-31.
  • Akdeniz G, Okşan T, Kovanlıkaya I, Genç I. Evaluation of bone height and density by computed tomography for implant recipient sites. J Oral Implantol. 2000;26:114-9.
  • Guerrero ME, Jacobs R, Loubele M, Schutyser F, Suentens van Steenberghe D. State-of-the-art on cone beam CT imaging for preoperative planing of implant placement. Clin Oral Invest 2006;10:1-7.
  • Naitoh M, Ariji E, Okumura S, Ohsaki C, Kurita K, Ishigami T. Can implants be correctly angulated based osseointegrated dental implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2000;11: 409-14. templates used for
  • Siebegger M, Schneider BT, Mischkowski RA, Lazar F, Krug B, Klesper B, Zöller JE. Use of an image guided navigation system in dental implant surgery in anatomically complex operation sites. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2001;29: 276-81.
  • Nickenig HJ, Eitner S. Reliability of implant placement after virtual planning of implant positions using cone beam CT data and surgical (guide) templates. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007;35:207-11.
  • Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Dolanmaz D, Yıldırım G. Computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in implant placement and the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient: a case. SÜ Dişhek Fak Derg. 2010; 19:241-7.
  • Borrow JW, Smith JP. Stent marker materials for computerized planning. Dent. 1996;16:60-7. implant Int Periodontics Restorative
  • Lal K, White GS, Morea DN, Wright RF. Use of stereolithographic templates for surgical and prosthodontic implant planning and placement. Part I. The concept. J. Prosthodont. 2006;15: 51- 8.
  • Tsuchida F, Hosoi T, Imanaka M, Kobayashi K. A technique for making a diagnostic and surgical template. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2004;33: 396-402.
  • Siu AS, Li TK, Chiu FC, Comfort MB, Chow TW. The use of lipiodol in spiral tomography for dental implant imaging. Implant Dent. 2003;12(1): 35-40.
  • Jabero M, Sarment DP. Advanced surgical guidance technology: A review. Implant Dent. 2006;15: 135-42.
  • Koyanagi K. Development and clinical application of a surgical guide for optimal implant placement. J. Prosthet Dent. 2002;88: 548-52.
  • Sykaras N, Woody RD. Conversion of an implant radiographic template into a surgical template. J. Prosthodont. 2001;10: 108-12.
  • Akça K, İplikçioğlu H, Çehreli M.C. A surgical guide for accurate mesiodistal paralleling of implants in the posterior edentulous mandible. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2002;87:233-8.
  • Abbott JR, Netherway DJ, Wingate PG. Computer generated mandibular model: surgical role. Aust. Dent. J. 1998;48: 373-8.
  • Kramer FJ, Baethge C, Swennen G, Rosahl S. Navigated vs. conventional implant insertion for maxillary single tooth replacement. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2005;16: 60-8.
  • Miller JM, Bier J. Surgical Navigation in oral implantology. Implant Dent. 2006;15: 41-7.
  • Ewers R, Schicho K, Undt G, Wanschitz F, Truppe M, Seemann R, Wagner A. Basic research and 12 years of clinical experience in computer-assisted navigation technology: a review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34: 1-8.
  • Dagistan S, Çakur B, Harorlı A. Dental implant uygulamalarında radyografi. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 2004; 14: 58-69.
  • Çakur B, Sümbüllü MA, Harorlı A. Operasyon Öncesi İmplant Radyolojik Kriterler ve Radyolojik Teknik Seçimi. Atatürk Üniv. Di_ Hek. Fak. Derg.2007;17: 23-30.

İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 24 Sayı: Supplement 8, 141 - 151, 11.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.45203

Öz

Klinik diş hekimliğinin diğer tüm branşlarında olduğu gibi implant uygulamasının en önemli aşaması, teşhis ve planlamadır. İmplantın uzun dönem başarısı için, anatomik, protetik ve mekanik etkenlerin dikkate alınması gerekir. İmplant diş hekimliğinde radyolojik değerlendirmede geleneksel radyografi, tomografi, çalışma modelleri, mukoza kalınlığının ölçülmesi, kemik yoğunluğunun belirlenmesi gibi özel teşhis metotları mevcuttur. Hastada hangi görüntüleme tekniğinin kullanılacağına, hastanın klinik ve özel gereksinimlerine göre karar verilir. Bu çalışmada implant diş hekimliğinde kullanılan radyografik tekniklerin cerrahi ve protetik tedavideki yararları sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Altay OT, Uysal H, Öztunç H, Eryımaz M. Comparison of four radiographic imaging techniques for implant diagnosis (on dry mandible topography). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 1997;21:51.
  • Çelik İ, Toroman M, Mıhçıoğlu T, Ceritoğlu D. Dental Radyografik Yöntemlerin Değerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2007;13:21-8. Kullanılan
  • Sertgöz A. İmplantolojide 3 Boyutlu Planlama, İmplantr, 2006;2:(2):34-44.
  • Thanyakarn C, Hansen K, Rohlin M, Akesson L. Meassurements of tooth length in panoramic radiographs Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1992;21:26-30. use of indicators.
  • Wyatt CCL, Phoroah MJ. Imaging techniques and image interpretation for dental implant treatment. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11:442-52.
  • Misch CE. Dental Implant Prosthetics, Copyright, Mosby, 2005
  • Kircos LT. Preprosthetic imaging in prospective, Chicago, 1990, Universty of Chicago
  • Englaman MJ, Sorensen JA, Moy P. Optimum placement of osseointegrated implants, J Prosthet Dent 1998;59:467-73.
  • Kæppler G. New radiographic programs for transverse conventional tomograms in the dentomaxillofacial region. Quintessence Int 1999;30:541-9.
  • Tyndall Da, Brooks Sl, Hill C, Arbor A. Selection criteria for dental implant site imaging: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial radiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89:630-7.
  • McCormack FW. A plea for a standardized technique for oral radiology with an illustrated classification of findings and their verified interpretations, J Dent Res 1920;2:467-510.
  • Goaz PW, White SC. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation, St Louis, 1992, Mosby
  • Fernandes RJ, Azarbal M, Ismail YH. A cephalometric tomographic technique to visualize the buccolingual and vertical dimensions of the mandible, J Prosthet Dent 1987;58:466-70.
  • Grondahl K, Ekestubbe A, Grondahl HG. Technical considerations for intraoral radiography in postoperative examination, Nobel Biocare Global Forum 1996;10:10-1.
  • Sandallı P. Erler Matbacılık, 2000
  • Tunalı B. Multidispliner Bir Yaklaşımla Oral İmplantoloji, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, Ankara, 2000
  • Sakakura CE, Morais J,Loffredo LCM, Scarf G. A survey of radiographic prescription in dental implant assessment. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2003;32:397-400.
  • Angulo F. Panoramic radiograph in edentulous and partially edentulous patients. Acta Odontol Venez. 1989;27:60-7.
  • Mc David WD, Tronje G, Welander U. A method to maintain throughout the exposure of rotational panoramic radiographs.Dentomaxillafac Radiol. 1989;18:160- 8. magnification factor
  • Akgünlü Faruk, Kansu Özden. Panaromik radyog- raflarda görüntünün büyümesine neden olan fak- törlerin matematiksel analizi mandibüler dikey büyüme. Cumhuriyet Ünivi Dişheki Faki Derg 2000; 3:105-9.
  • Todd A, Gher M, Quitero G, Richardson A. Interpretation of linear and computed tomograms in the assessment of implant recipient sites. J Periodontol 1993;63:1243-9.
  • İplikçioğlu H, Akça K, Çehreli MC. The use of computerized tomography for diagnosisand treatment planing in implant dentistry. J Oral İmplantol 2002;28:29-36.
  • Misch CE, Crawford EA. Predictable mandibular nerve location: a clinical zone of safety, Int J Oral İmplantol 1990;7:37-40.
  • Klinge B, Petersson A, Maly P. Location of the mandibular canal: comparison of macroscopic findings, conventional radiography, and conputed tomography, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1989;4:327-31.
  • Sonick M, Abrahams J, Faiella RA. A comparison of the accuracy of periapical, panoramic, and computerized tomographic radiographs in locating the mandibular canal, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:455-60.
  • Dula K, Mini R, Van der Stelt PF, Buser D. The radiographic assessment of implant petients: Decision-making criteria. Int J Oral Maksillofac Imp. 2001;16: 80-9.
  • Rothman SLG. Dental Applications of Computerized Tomography: Surgical Planning for Implant Placement. Chicago, Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., 1998
  • Mupparapu M, Singer SR. Implant imaging for dentist. J. Can. Dent. Assoc. 2004;70: 32-8.
  • White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology: principles and interpretation. 5nd ed., Philedelphia, Mosby. Inc. 2004
  • Muraki S, Kita Y. A Survey of Medical Applications of 3D Image Analysis and Computer Graphics, Systems and Computers in Japan. 2006; 37:13-46
  • Tuncel E. Klinik Radyoloji Güneş & Nobel tıp Kitapevi, Bursa, 1994
  • Reiskin AB. Implant imaging. Status, controversies and new developments. Dent Clin North Amer 1998;42:47-56.
  • Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, Cleynenbreugel JV, Sanderink F, Schutyser F, Suetens P, Steenberghe DV, Quirynen M. The nasopalatinal canal revisited using 2D and 3D CT imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. 2004;33: 396-402.
  • Helms C, Morrish R, Kircos LT. Computed the tomography considerations, Radiology 1982;141:718-24.
  • Engstrom H, Svendsen P. Computed tomography of the maksilla in edentulous patients, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1981;52:557-60.
  • Au-Yeung KM. Ahuja AT. Ching ASC, Metreweli C. Dentascan in oral imaging. Clinical Radiology. 2001;56: 700-13.
  • Gahleitner A, Watzek G, Imhof H. Dental CT: imaging techniqoe, anatomy and pathologic conditions of the jaw. Eur. Radiol. 2003;13: 366-7.
  • Ersoy E, Ozan O. Oral implantoloji öncesi güncel radyolojik Dentalmedya, Eylül-Ekim 2006;16:38-45. değerlendirilmesi,
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A. Dental implant teratment planning using conventional radiogrphy Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2001;30:255-64. tomography.
  • Reddy MS, Mayfield-Donahoo T, Jeffcoat MK. A semiautomed computer-assisted method for measuring bone loss adjacent to dental implants. Clin Oral Imp Res 1992;3:28-31.
  • Akdeniz G, Okşan T, Kovanlıkaya I, Genç I. Evaluation of bone height and density by computed tomography for implant recipient sites. J Oral Implantol. 2000;26:114-9.
  • Guerrero ME, Jacobs R, Loubele M, Schutyser F, Suentens van Steenberghe D. State-of-the-art on cone beam CT imaging for preoperative planing of implant placement. Clin Oral Invest 2006;10:1-7.
  • Naitoh M, Ariji E, Okumura S, Ohsaki C, Kurita K, Ishigami T. Can implants be correctly angulated based osseointegrated dental implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2000;11: 409-14. templates used for
  • Siebegger M, Schneider BT, Mischkowski RA, Lazar F, Krug B, Klesper B, Zöller JE. Use of an image guided navigation system in dental implant surgery in anatomically complex operation sites. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2001;29: 276-81.
  • Nickenig HJ, Eitner S. Reliability of implant placement after virtual planning of implant positions using cone beam CT data and surgical (guide) templates. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007;35:207-11.
  • Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Dolanmaz D, Yıldırım G. Computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in implant placement and the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a patient: a case. SÜ Dişhek Fak Derg. 2010; 19:241-7.
  • Borrow JW, Smith JP. Stent marker materials for computerized planning. Dent. 1996;16:60-7. implant Int Periodontics Restorative
  • Lal K, White GS, Morea DN, Wright RF. Use of stereolithographic templates for surgical and prosthodontic implant planning and placement. Part I. The concept. J. Prosthodont. 2006;15: 51- 8.
  • Tsuchida F, Hosoi T, Imanaka M, Kobayashi K. A technique for making a diagnostic and surgical template. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2004;33: 396-402.
  • Siu AS, Li TK, Chiu FC, Comfort MB, Chow TW. The use of lipiodol in spiral tomography for dental implant imaging. Implant Dent. 2003;12(1): 35-40.
  • Jabero M, Sarment DP. Advanced surgical guidance technology: A review. Implant Dent. 2006;15: 135-42.
  • Koyanagi K. Development and clinical application of a surgical guide for optimal implant placement. J. Prosthet Dent. 2002;88: 548-52.
  • Sykaras N, Woody RD. Conversion of an implant radiographic template into a surgical template. J. Prosthodont. 2001;10: 108-12.
  • Akça K, İplikçioğlu H, Çehreli M.C. A surgical guide for accurate mesiodistal paralleling of implants in the posterior edentulous mandible. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2002;87:233-8.
  • Abbott JR, Netherway DJ, Wingate PG. Computer generated mandibular model: surgical role. Aust. Dent. J. 1998;48: 373-8.
  • Kramer FJ, Baethge C, Swennen G, Rosahl S. Navigated vs. conventional implant insertion for maxillary single tooth replacement. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2005;16: 60-8.
  • Miller JM, Bier J. Surgical Navigation in oral implantology. Implant Dent. 2006;15: 41-7.
  • Ewers R, Schicho K, Undt G, Wanschitz F, Truppe M, Seemann R, Wagner A. Basic research and 12 years of clinical experience in computer-assisted navigation technology: a review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;34: 1-8.
  • Dagistan S, Çakur B, Harorlı A. Dental implant uygulamalarında radyografi. Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 2004; 14: 58-69.
  • Çakur B, Sümbüllü MA, Harorlı A. Operasyon Öncesi İmplant Radyolojik Kriterler ve Radyolojik Teknik Seçimi. Atatürk Üniv. Di_ Hek. Fak. Derg.2007;17: 23-30.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gamze Alnıaçık Bu kişi benim

Özgür İnan Bu kişi benim

Önjen Tak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Şubat 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 24 Sayı: Supplement 8

Kaynak Göster

APA Alnıaçık, G., İnan, Ö., & Tak, Ö. (2015). İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(Supplement 8), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.45203
AMA Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Tak Ö. İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. Şubat 2015;24(Supplement 8):141-151. doi:10.17567/dfd.45203
Chicago Alnıaçık, Gamze, Özgür İnan, ve Önjen Tak. “İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24, sy. Supplement 8 (Şubat 2015): 141-51. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.45203.
EndNote Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Tak Ö (01 Şubat 2015) İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24 Supplement 8 141–151.
IEEE G. Alnıaçık, Ö. İnan, ve Ö. Tak, “İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI”, Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg, c. 24, sy. Supplement 8, ss. 141–151, 2015, doi: 10.17567/dfd.45203.
ISNAD Alnıaçık, Gamze vd. “İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 24/Supplement 8 (Şubat 2015), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.17567/dfd.45203.
JAMA Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Tak Ö. İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24:141–151.
MLA Alnıaçık, Gamze vd. “İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 24, sy. Supplement 8, 2015, ss. 141-5, doi:10.17567/dfd.45203.
Vancouver Alnıaçık G, İnan Ö, Tak Ö. İMPLANT DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN RADYOGRAFİK TEKNİKLERİN CERRAHİ VE PROTETİK TEDAVİDEKİ YARARLARI. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;24(Supplement 8):141-5.

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