BİZANS RESİM SANATINDA YANAN ÇALI ÖNÜNDE MUSA’NIN ÇIPLAK AYAK VE SANDALETLERİ

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 63, 109 - 141, 27.12.2019

Hatice Demir

Öz

Bizans resim sanatında, Musa Yanan Çalı Önünde Sandaletlerini Çıkarırken sahnesinde,
Musa’nın sandaletleri ve çıplak ayaklarının ikonografisi oldukça önemli bir
yere sahiptir. Kitab-ı Mukaddes’te sandalet ve çıplak ayak kavramı birçok yerde,
birçok amaç ile geçer. Bizans resim sanatı kapsamında çıplak ayak ve sandalet
ile ilgili göndermelerin en önemlileri Musa ile bağlantılı olanlardır. Ancak
sandalet, çıplak ayak gibi göndermelerin başka isim ve amaçlar ile de Kitab-ı
Mukaddes’te yer aldığı gözlemlenir. Davud, Yeşu, Yeşeya, Rut, Süleyman ve İsa
bu isimler arasında en önemli yere sahip olanlardır. Sandalet ve çıplak ayak
ile bağlantılı olan kavramların geçmişi çok tanrılı döneme kadar uzanır. Antik
dönem Mezopotamya, Mısır ve Yunan topraklarında hem sandalet hem de çıplak ayak
birçok dini, sosyal kavramlar ile anılmıştır. Bu kavramların Kitab-ı Mukaddes
(Eski ve Yeni Ahit) ile sıkı benzerlikleri olduğu gözlemlenir. Kitab-ı
Mukaddes’te ayakkabı (bot, çizme, sandalet) ve çıplak ayak kavramları sıklıkla
karşımıza çıkar. Sandaletin Bizans resim sanatındaki tasvirinde bir hiyerarşi
gözlemlenir. Sandaletin rengi, biçimi Hıristiyan ikonografisinde oldukça önemli
bir yer tutar. Bizans resim sanatında Musa’nın tasvirlerde yer alan
sandaletleri genelde pedila ve caligae tipindedir. Bu sandalet tiplerinden
pedila Doğu kökenli iken, caligae Roma kökenlidir. Masada’da yapılan kazılar
sonucunda ortaya çıkartılan caligae tipi sandaletler, Musa’nın sandaletlerinin
tasvirinin tarihi gerçekliği adına önemlidir. Ancak resim sanatında Musa’nın
sandaletlerinin biçiminde dönemsel ve bölgesel farklılıklar gözlemlenir. Bizans
resim sanatı kapsamında, en erken örnekler kilise duvar resimleri ve mozaik
panolarıdır. Daha geç dönemlerde sahne,  kitap resmi ve ikona örneklerinde de görülür.
Sahnede dönemlere göre bir gelişim gözlemlense de, sahnenin en önemli
ikonografik elemanı olan Musa’nın sandaletlerinin tasvirinde bir homojenlik
yoktur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yanan Çalı, Musa, Çıplak ayak, Sandalet

Kaynakça

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