-

Öz

Enteral Nutrition: current approaches in the care The most common complications developed in patients with enteral nutrition by nasogastric or nasoenteric are gastrointestinal, mechanical and metabolic. These complications can be simple or can reach life-threatening levels. It may cause under-nutrition of patients, diverse effects on healing process and prolonged hospitalization. Success of nutrition and reduction in complication rate can be obtained by patient care approaches in accordance with evidence-based guidelines and recommendations. In this paper, current approaches to enteral nutrition are presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enteral nutrition; nursing care; evidence-based practice.

ENTERAL BESLENME: BAKIMDA GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR

Öz

Nazogastrik veya nazoenterik tüple enteral beslenen hastalarda en sık gastrointestinal, mekanik ve metabolik komplikasyonlar gelişmektedir. Bu komplikasyonlar basitten, yaşamı tehdit edici boyuta kadar ulaşabilir ve hastanın yetersiz beslenmesine, iyileşme sürecinin olumsuz etkilenmesine ve hastanede kalış süresinin uzamasına yol açar. Beslenmenin başarısı ve komplikasyonların en aza indirilmesi uygun bakım girişimleriyle sağlanabilir. Bu makalede enteral beslenmede güncel bakım yaklaşımları yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enteral beslenme, hemşirelik bakımı, kanıta dayalı uygulamalar

Kaynakça

1. Akıncı SB. Enteral Nutrisyon Uygulama Yöntemleri. Klinik Gelişim 2011;24(1):20-5.
2. Bourgault AM, Ipe L, Weaver J, Swartz S, O’dea PJ. Development of Evidence-Based Quidelines and Critical Care Nurses’ Knowledge of Enteral Feeding. Crit Care Nurs 2007;27(4):17-29.
3. Demiral U, Bahçecioğlu İH. Enteral ve Parenteral Beslenmeye Klinik Yaklaşım. Güncel Gastroenteroloji 2010;14(3):149-54.
4. Eisenberg P. An Overview of Diarrhea in The Patient Receiving Enteral Nutrition. Gastronterology Nursing 2002;25(3):95-104.
5. Ellett ML. Important Facts About Intestinal Feeding Tube Placement. Gastroenterol Nurs 2006;29(2):112
6. Ellett ML. What is Know About Methods of Correctly Placing Gastric Tubes in Adults and Children. Gastroenterol Nurs 2004;27(6):253-9.
7. Gavi S, Hensley J, Cerva F, Nicastri C, Fields S. Management of Feding Tube Complications in The Long-Term Care Resident. Annals of Long-Term Care 2008;16(4):28-32.
8. Gupta B, Agrawal P, Soni KD, Yadov V, Dhakal R, Khurans S, et al. Enteral Nutrition Practices in The Intensive Care Unit: Understanding of Nursing Practices and Perspectives. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2012;28(1):41-4.

9. Heyland DK, Cahill NE, Dhaliwal R, Sun X, Day AG, McClave SA. Impact of Enteral Feeding Protocols on Enteral Nutrition Delivery: Results of a Multi Center Observational Study. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2010;34(6):675-84.
10. Kabaçam G, Özden A. Enteral Tüple Beslenme. Güncel Gastroenteroloji 2009;13(4):201-10.
11. Karabacak Ü. Beslenme Problemi Olan Hastanın Bakım ve Takibi. Sabuncu N, Ay FA, edit. Klinik Beceriler Sağlığın Değerlendirilmesi, Hasta Bakım ve Takibi. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 20 p.320-54. Kattelmann KK, Hise M, Russell M, Charney P, Stokes M, Compher C. Preliminary Evidence for a Medical Nutrition Therapy Protocol: Enteral Feding for Critically III Patients. J Am Diet Assoc 2006;106(8):1226-41.
12. Kenny DJ, Goodman P. Care of The Patient with Enteral Tube Feeding: An Evidance-Based Protocol. Nurs Res 2010;59(1):22-31.
13. Kreyman KG, Berger MM, Deutz NEP, Hiesmayr M, Jolliet P, Kazandjiev G, et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Intensive Care Clin Nutr 2006;25(2):210-23.
14. Loeb MB, Becker M, Eady A, Walker-Dilks C. Interventions to Prevent Aspiration Pneumonia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003;51(7):1018-22.
15. Marik PE, Kaplan D. Aspiration Pneumonia and Dysphagia in The Elderly. Chest 2003;124(1):328-36.
16. Mowe M, Bosaeus I, Rosmussen HH, Kondrup J, Unosson N, Rothenberg E, et al. Insufficient Nutritional Knowledge Among Health Care Workers. Clin Nutr 2008;27(2):196-202.
17. Pancorbo-Hidalgo PL, Garcia-Fernandez FP, Ramirez-Perez C. Complications Associated with Enteral Nutrition by Nasogastric Tube in an Internal Medicine Unit. J Clin Nurs 2001;10(4):482-90.
18. Parrish CR. Enteral Feeding: The Art and The Science. Nutr Clin Pract 2003;18(1):76-85. Pearce CB, Duncan HD. Enteral Feeding. Nasogastric, Nasojejunal, Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy, or Jejunostomy: Its Indications and Limitations. Postgrad Med J 2002;78(918),198-204.
19. Persenius MW, Wilde-Larsson B, Hall-Lord ML. Enteral Nutrition in Intensive Care: Nurses’ Perceptions and Bedside Observations. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2006;22(2):82-94.
20. Persenius MW, Wilde-Larsson B, Hall-Lord ML. To Have and to Hold Nutritional Control: Balancing Between Individual and Routine Care. A Grounded Theory Study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2009;25(3):155-62.
21. Schaller C, James EL. The Nutritional Knowledge of Australian Nurses. Nurse Educ Today 2005;25(5):405-12.
22. Stroud M, Duncan H, Nightingale K. Guidelines for Enteral Feeding in Adult Hospital Patients. Gut 2003;52 (Suppl VII), vii1-vii12.
23. Uysal N, Eşer İ, Khorsıd L. Hemşirelerin Enteral Beslenme İşlemine Yönelik Uygulama ve Kayıtlarının İncelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2011;14(2):1-9.
24. Williams TA, Leslie GD. A Review of The Nursing Care of Enteral Feding Tubes in Critically Ill Adults: Part I. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2004;20(6):330-43.
25. Williams TA, Leslie GD. A Review of The Nursing Care of Enteral Feeding Tubes in Critically Ill Adults: Part II. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2005;21(1):5-15.
26. Winkelman C, Best K. Formula for Success: Deliver Enteral Nutrition Using Best Practices. Am Nurs Today 2009;4(3):18-23.