The Small Face of Traditional and Complementary Medical Applications: Laughter Yoga

Öz

Laughter is usually acknowledged as a visual representation of happiness or feeling of joy. It is known that laughter positively effects human body physiologically and psychologically. Laughter yoga is an exercise composed of breathing techniques involving combination of relaxation and breathing exercises and unconditional laughter. Laughter yoga could be applied as a nursing intervention for decreasing severity of various disease (cancer, diabetes mellitus, etc.) symptoms and improving current condition (stress). Technological developments in health area and increased knowledge also changed the role and responsibilities of nurses; traditional and complementary medicine is reported as applications that can be used as nursing interventions. Laughter yoga application has been increasing and its effects are proven; however, there are only few studies on laughter yoga in Turkey in the literature. This review aimed to inform health professionals about laughter yoga and its effects, to represent how it could be used for improvement of health in context of evidence based practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Traditional and complementary medical application
• Nursing
• Laughter yoga
• Yoga
• Yoga

GELENEKSEL VE TAMAMLAYICI TIP UYGULAMALARININ GÜLEN YÜZÜ: KAHKAHA YOGASI

Öz

Genellikle kahkaha, mutluluğun görsel bir şekilde anlatımı ya da sevinç duygusu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Gülmenin insan vücudunu fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak olumlu yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Kahkaha yogasını, gevşeme ve nefes egzersizlerinin birleşmesinden oluşan nefes teknikleri ve koşulsuz kahkahadan oluşan egzersizler oluşmaktadır. Kahkaha yogası farklı hastalıklara (kanser, diyabetes mellitus vb) bağlı ortaya çıkan semptomların şiddetinin azaltılmasında ve mevcut durumun (stres) iyileştirilmesinde bir hemşirelik girişimi olarak uygulanabilmektedir. Sağlık alanında oluşan teknolojik gelişmeler ve bilgi artışı ile beraber hemşirelerin rol ve sorumluluklarında da değişiklikler olmuş, geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıbbın hemşirelik girişimi olarak uygulanabileceği bildirilmiştir. Kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşan ve etkileri kanıtlanan bir girişim olan kahkaha yogasına ilişkin Türkiye’de yapılmış çok az çalışmaya ulaşıldı. Bu derlemede, kahkaha yogası ve etkileri hakkında sağlık profesyonellerini bilgilendirmek, kanıta dayalı uygulamalar çerçevesinde sağlığın geliştirilmesinde nasıl kullanılacağını anlatmak amaçlandı.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları
• Hemşirelik
• Kahkaha yogası
• Yoga

Kaynakça

1. 1. Mollahaliloğlu S, Uğurlu FG, Kalayci M, Öztaş D. Geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarında yeni dönem. Ankara Medical Journal 2015;15(2): 102-5.
2. 2. Çevik K, Bolsoy N, Beler M. Hemşirelerin tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedaviye ilişkin bilgi ve görüşleri. Uluslararası Hakemli Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi 2016;6(1):1-15.
3. 3. Lafçi D, Kaşıkçı MK. Yataklı sağlık kuruluşunda görev yapan sağlık personelinin tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi yöntemlerini bilme ve kullanma durumları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2014;3(4):1114-31.
4. 4. Adibelli Z, Dilek M, Akpolat T. Lemon juice as an alternative therapy in hypertension in Turkey. International journal of cardiology 2009;135(2):e58-e9.
5. 5. Tıbbi Onkoloji Derneği. Tıbbi Onkoloji Derneğinin Kanser Alanında Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tedavilere Bakışı [internet]. 2020. [Erişim tarihi 23.02.2021]. http://www.kanser.org/toplum/?action=sayfa&id=2.
6. 6. Türk N, Süner A. Hipertansif olgularda non-farmakolojik yöntem ve antihipertansif ilaç kullanımının analizi. Göztepe Tıp Dergisi 2008;23(4):133-42.
7. 7. Doğan B, Karabudak Abuaf Ö, Karabacak E. Tamamlayıcı/Alternatif Tıp ve Dermatoloji. Archives of the Turkish Dermatology & Venerology/Turkderm 2012;46(2):62-6.
8. 8. Turan N, Öztürk A, Kaya N. Hemşirelikte yeni bir sorumluluk alanı: tamamlayıcı terapi 2010; 3(1):103-8.

9. 9. Çevik K. Hemşirelikte Tamamlayici Ve Alternatif Tedavi: Refleksoloji. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 2013;29(2):71-82.
10. 10. Kin ÖK, Yildirim Y. Kahkaha Terapisi ve Sağlik Alanında Kullanım Örnekleri. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2017;20(1):63-6.
11. 11. Kuru N, Kublay G. The effect of laughter therapy on the quality of life of nursing home residents. Journal of clinical nursing 2017;26(21-22):3354-62.
12. 12. Fırat T. Dijital mizahın biçim bozumu: Bobiler. org örneği. Tarih Okulu Dergisi 2016;641-55.
13. 13. Yardımcı İ. Mizah kavramı ve sanattaki yeri. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2010;3(2):1-41.
14. 14. Savage BM, Lujan HL, Thipparthi RR, DiCarlo SE. Humor, laughter, learning, and health! A brief review. Advances in physiology education 2017; 41:341–7.
15. 15. Nagendra H, Chaya M, Nagarathna R, Kataria M, Manjunath M, Raghavendra R. The efficacy of Laughter Yoga on IT professionals to overcome professional stress. Laughter Yoga International: Mumbai, India. 2007.
16. 16. Mora-Ripoll R. The therapeutic value of laughter in medicine. Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine 2010;16(6):56-64.
17. 17. Yim J. Therapeutic benefits of laughter in mental health: a theoretical review. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine 2016;239(3):243-9.
18. 18. Satish P. Laughter therapy. . Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation 2012;1(3):23-4.
19. 19. Nasr SJ. No laughing matter: Laughter is good psychiatric medicine. Current Psychiatry 2013;12(8):20-5.
20. 20. Hasan H, Hasan TF. Laugh yourself into a healthier person: a cross cultural analysis of the effects of varying levels of laughter on health. International Journal of Medical Sciences 2009;6(4):200-11.
21. 21. Sayed M, Gandham S. Effectıveness of Laughter Therapy on the Levels of Anxıety and Depressıon among Inmates Resıdıng at An Old Age Instıtutıon: An Interventıonal Research. . Internatıonal Journal Of Scıentıfıc Research 2018;7(1):282-5.
22. 22. Cabıoğlu M. Akupunktur ve Nörotransmitterler. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2008;18(2):93-8.
23. 23. Hatzipapas I, Visser MJ, van Rensburg EJ. Laughter therapy as an intervention to promote psychological well-being of volunteer community care workers working with HIV-affected families. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 2017;14(1):202-12.
24. 24. Kuru Alıcı N, Zorba Bahceli P, Emiroğlu ON. The preliminary effects of laughter therapy on loneliness and death anxiety among older adults living in nursing homes: A nonrandomised pilot study. International journal of older people nursing 2018;13(4):e12206.
25. 25. Yazdani M, Esmaeilzadeh M, Pahlavanzadeh S, Khaledi F. The effect of laughter Yoga on general health among nursing students. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research 2014;19(1):36-40.
26. 26. Kataria M. Laugh for No Reason (2011 version). . Madhuri International: Lokhandwala Complex; 2011.
27. 27. Shahidi M, Mojtahed A, Modabbernia A, Mojtahed M, Shafiabady A, Delavar A, et al. Laughter yoga versus group exercise program in elderly depressed women: a randomized controlled trial. International journal of geriatric psychiatry 2011;26(3):322-7.
28. 28. Bennett MP, Lengacher C. Humor and laughter may influence health: III. Laughter and health outcomes. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2008;5(1):37-40.
29. 29. Ryu KH, Shin HS, Yang EY. Effects of laughter therapy on immune responses in postpartum women. The Journal of alternative and complementary medicine 2015;21(12):781-8.
30. 30. Park E. Effects of visiting laughter therapy on depression and insomnia among the vulnerable elderly. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2013;24(2):205-13.
31. 31. Ko HJ, Youn CH. Effects of laughter therapy on depression, cognition and sleep among the community‐dwelling elderly. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 2011;11(3):267-74.
32. 32. Ellis JM, Ben‐Moshe R, Teshuva K. Laughter yoga activities for older people living in residential aged care homes: A feasibility study. Australasian journal on ageing 2017;36(3):E28-E31.
33. 33. Alici NK, Donmez AA. A systematic review of the effect of laughter yoga on physical function and psychosocial outcomes in older adults. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2020:41:101252.
34. 34. Han JH, Park KM, Park H. Effects of laughter therapy on depression and sleep among patients at long-term care hospitals. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing 2017;29(5):560-8.
35. 35. Cho E, Oh H. Effects of laughter therapy on depression, quality of life, resilience and immune responses in breast cancer survivors. Journal of Korean academy of nursing 2011;41(3):285-93.
36. 36. Čokolič M, Herodež ŠS, Sternad S, Krebs S. The inhibitory effect of laughter yoga on the increase in postprandial blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetol Croat 2013;42(2):54-8.
37. 37. Heidary E, Shirazi M, Sanaguye MGR. The effectiveness of laughter yoga yraining on guality of life and mental health of women with diabetes. 2020;1(3):4-22.
38. 38. Ko YJ, Hyun MY. Effects of Laughter Therapy on Pain, Depression, and Quality of Life of Elderly People with Osteoarthritis. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 2013;22(4):359-67.
39. 39. Lee K-I, Eun Y. Effect of laugher therapy on pain, depression and sleep with elderly patients in long term care facility. Journal of muscle and joint health 2011;18(1):28-38.
40. 40. Bennett PN, Parsons T, Ben-Moshe R, Neal M, Weinberg MK, Gilbert K, et al. Intradialytic Laughter Yoga therapy for haemodialysis patients: a pre-post intervention feasibility study. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 2015;15(1):1-7.
41. 41. Bennett PN, Parsons T, Ben‐Moshe R, Weinberg M, Neal M, Gilbert K, et al., editors. Laughter and humor therapy in dialysis. Seminars in dialysis 2014;27(5):488-93.
42. 42. Heo EH, Kim S, Park H-J, Kil SY. The effects of a simulated laughter programme on mood, cortisol levels, and health-related quality of life among haemodialysis patients. Complementary therapies in clinical practice 2016;25:1-7.
43. 43. Dolgoff-Kaspar R, Baldwin A, Johnson MS, Edling N, Sethi GK. Effect of laughter yoga on mood and heart rate variability in patients awaiting organ transplantation: a pilot study. Alternative therapies 2012;18(4):53-8.
44. 44. Cha MY, Hong HS. Effect and Path Analysis of Laughter Therapy on Serotonin, Depression and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Women. Journal of korean academy of nursing 2015;45(2):221-30.
45. 45. Tavakoli T, Davoodi N, Tabatabaee TSJ, Rostami Z, Mollaei H, Salmani F, et al. Comparison of laughter yoga and anti-anxiety medication on anxiety and gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Middle East journal of digestive diseases 2019;11(4):211-7.
46. 46. Farifteh S, Mohammadi-Aria A, Kiamanesh A, Mofid B. The impact of laughter yoga on the stress of cancer patients before chemotherapy. Iranian journal of cancer prevention 2014;7(4):179-83.
47. 47. Kim SH, Kim YH, Kim HJ. Laughter and stress relief in cancer patients: a pilot study. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/864739
48. 48. DeCaro DS, Brown JLC. Laughter yoga, adults living with Parkinson׳ s disease, and caregivers: A pilot study. Explore 2016;12(3):196-9.
49. 49. Fujisawa A, Ota A, Matsunaga M, Li Y, Kakizaki M, Naito H, et al. Effect of laughter yoga on salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone among healthy university students: A randomized controlled trial. Complementary therapies in clinical practice 2018;32:6-11.
50. 50. Tanaka A, Tokuda N, Ichihara K. Psychological and physiological effects of laughter yoga sessions in Japan: A pilot study. Nursing & health sciences 2018;20(3):304-12.
51. 51. Ozturk FO, Tezel A. Effect of laughter yoga on mental symptoms and salivary cortisol levels in first‐year nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2021:e12924.
52. 52. Supekar NR, Shimpi AP, Madane AV, Rairikar SA, Shyam AK, Sancheti PK. Role of laughter clubs in promotion of health in community (A case control study). Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy 2014;8(2):110-4.