Şiddetin Farklı Bir Yüzü: Flört Şiddeti, Etkileri ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 285 - 292, 28.12.2018

Sevda Yıldırım , Füsun Terzioğlu

Öz

ÖZET

Şiddetin alt dallarından biri olan ve genellikle ergenler ve gençleri
etkileyen flört şiddeti “çiftlerin flört ilişkisinde birbirine karşı sözel,
cinsel, duygusal ve fiziksel şiddet ya da şiddet içeren davranışlar uygulaması
ve birbirlerinin davranışlarına sosyal kısıtlamalar getirmesidir”. Flört
şiddeti sadece endişe verici yaygınlığı nedeniyle değil, fiziksel ve zihinsel
sağlık üzerine olan olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle de toplumda görülen önemli bir
problemdir. Flört şiddetinin neden olduğu bazı sorunlar anksiyete, depresyon,
intihar girişimleri, alkol kullanımı ve riskli cinsel davranışlardır. Flört
şiddeti;  fiziksel, psikolojik/duygusal,
sözel ve cinsel şiddet olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır ve ebeveynler tarafından
cezalandırılma, flört şiddeti mağduru arkadaşın varlığı, toplumsal cinsiyet
rollerine ilişkin geleneksel kalıp yargıların benimsenmesi, alkol/madde
kullanımı gibi bazı faktörler flört şiddeti riskini arttırmaktadır. Sorunun
çözümüne yönelik olarak atılması gereken adımlar flört şiddeti farkındalığının
arttırılması ve risk faktörlerinin tanımlanmasıdır. Flört şiddetinin önlenmesi,
tanılanması ve tedavisine yönelik olarak hemşirelerin de önemli rolleri
bulunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: Şiddet; Gençler; Risk Faktörleri; Hemşirelik

 

ABSTRACT

A Different
Side of Violence: Dating Violence, Effects and Influencing Factors

Dating violence, one
of the sub-branches of violence, usually affects adolescents and young people,
is that " couples commit verbal, sexual, emotional and physical violence
or display violent behaviors against each other, and bring social restrictions
on each other's behaviors in dating relation ". Dating violence is an
important problem in society not only due to worrisome prevalence but also
because of its negative effects on physical and mental health. Some of the
problems that arises as a result of dating violence are anxiety, depression,
suicide attempts, alcohol use and risky sexual behavior. Dating violence
includes physical, psychological / emotional, verbal and sexual violence and
some factors such as parental punishment, have a friend who has been exposed to
dating violence, alcohol and substance use and have tranditional attitudes
towards gender roles increase the risk of dating violence. The steps that need
to be taken to solve the problem are increasing the awareness of dating
violence and defining risk factors. Nurses also play important roles in
prevention, diagnosis and treatment of dating violence.

Keywords: Violence; Teenagers, Risk Factors; Nursing

Anahtar Kelimeler

şiddet, gençler, risk faktörleri, hemşirelik, violence, teenagers, risk factors, nursing

Kaynakça

• Ackard DM, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Long-Term Impact of Adolescent Dating Violence on the Behavioral and Psychological Health of Male and Female Youth. The Journal of Pediatrics 2007;151(5):476-81.
• Ackard DM, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ. Dating Violence Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescent Girls and Boys: Associations with Behavioral and Mental Health. The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine 2003;6(3):39-48.
• Amar AF, Sutherland M, Laughon K, Bess R, Stockbridge J. Peer Influences Within the Campus Environment on Help Seeking Related to Violence. Journal of National Black Nurses’ Association 2012;23(1):1-7.
• Ames TL, Glenn LA, Simons LE. (2014). Dating Violence: Promoting Awareness and Mitigating Risk Through Nursing Innovations. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners 2014;26(3):143-7.
• Angelone DJ, Mitchell D, Grossi L. Men’s Perceptions of an Acquaintance Rape the Role of Relationship Length, Victim Resistance, and Gender Role Attitudes. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2014;30(13):2278-303.
• Aslan D, Vefikuluçay D, Zeyneloğlu S, Erdost T, Temel F. Ankara'da İki Hemşirelik Yüksekokulunun Birinci ve Dördüncü Sınıflarından Okuyan Öğrencilerinin Flört Şiddetine Maruz Kalma, Flört İlişkilerinde Şiddet Uygulama Durumlarının ve Bu Konudaki Görüşlerinin Saptanması Araştırması. Kadın Sorunları Araştırma Merkezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2008.
• Black BM, Chido LM, Preble KM, Weisz AN, Yoon JS, Delaney-Black V, Lewandowski L. Violence Exposure and Teen Dating Violence Among African American Youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2015;30(12):2174-95.
• Bonomi AE, Anderson ML, Nemeth J, Rivara FP, Buettner C. History of Dating Violence and the Association with Late Adolescent Health. BMC Public Health 2013;13(1):821.
• Callahan MR, Tolman RM, Saunders DG. Adolescent Dating Violence Victimization and Psychological Well-Being. Journal of Adolescent Research 2003;18(6):664-81.
• Chiodo D, Crooks CV, Wolfe DA, McIsaac C, Hughes R, Jaffe PG. Longitudinal Prediction and Concurrent Functioning of Adolescent Girls Demonstrating Various Profiles of Dating Violence and Victimization. Prevention Science 2012;13(4):350-9.
• Coker AL, McKeown RE, Sanderson M, Davis KE, Valois RF, Huebner ES. Severe Dating Violence and Quality of Life Among South Carolina High School Students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2000;19(4):220–7
• Dahlberg L, Krug E. Violence -A Global Public Health Problem. Geneva: World Health Organization. WHO; 1996.
• Decker MR, Silverman JG, Raj A. Dating Violence and Sexually Transmitted Disease/HIV Testing Diagnosis Among Adolescent Females. Pediatrics 2005;116(2):272–6.
• Diaz-Aguado MJ, Martinez R. Types of Adolescent Male Dating Violence Against Women, Self-Esteem, and Justification of Dominance and Aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2014;30(15):2636-58.
• Draucker CB, Martsolf DS. The Role of Electronic Communication Technology in Adolescent Dating Violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2010;23(3):133-42.
• Earnest AA, Brady SS. Dating Violence Victimization Among High School Students in Minnesota Associations With Family Violence, Unsafe Schools, and Resources for Support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2014;31(3):383-406.
• Exner-Cortens D, Eckenrode J, Rothman E. Longitudinal Associations Between Teen Dating Violence Victimization and Adverse Health Outcomes. Pediatrics 2013;131(1):71-8.
• Foshee VA, Bauman KE, Linder F, Rice J, Wilcher R. Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Identifying Typologies of Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2007;22(5):498-519.
• Foshee VA, Reyes HLM, Ennett ST, Suchindran C, Mathias JP, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Benefield TS. Risk and Protective Factors Distinguishing Profiles of Adolescent Peer and Dating Violence Perpetration. Journal of Adolescent Health 2011;48(4):344-50.
• Glass N, Fredland N, Campbell J, Yonas M, Sharps P, Kub J. Adolescent Dating Violence: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Health Outcomes, and Implications for Clinical Practice. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 2003;32(2):227-38.
• Holt M, Espelage D. Social Support as a Moderator Between Dating Violence Victimization and Depression/Anxiety Among African American and Caucasian Adolescents. School Psychology Rewiew 2005;34(3):309-28.
• Johnson SL, Finigan N, Bradshaw C, Haynie D, Cheng T. Urban African American Parents’ Messages About Violence. Journal of Adolescent Research 2013;28(5):511-34.
• Kaukinen C. Dating Violence Among College Students the Risk and Protective Factors. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2014;15(4):283-96.
• Makepeace J. Courtship Violence Among College Students. Family Relations 1981;30(1):97-102.
• McCauley HL, Tancredi DJ, Silverman JG, Decker MR, Austin SB, McCormick MC, Miller E. Gender-Equitable Attitudes, Bystander Behavior, and Recent Abuse Perpetration Against Heterosexual Dating Partners of Male High School Athletes. American Journal of Public Health 2013;103(10):1882-7.
• McDonell J, Ott J, Mitchell M. Predicting Dating Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Middle and High School Students in a Rural Southern Community. Children and Youth Services Review 2010;32(10):1458-63.
• Medeiros RA, Straus MA. Risk Factors for Physical Violence Between Dating Partners: Implications for Gender-Inclusive Prevention and Treatment of Family Violence. In J. Hamel & T. Nicholls (Eds.), Family Approaches in Domestic Violence: A Practitioner’s Guide to Gender-Inclusive Research and Treatment. New York: Springer Publishing; 2006. p.59-85.
• Milner AN, Baker EH. Athletic Participation and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Investigating Sport Involvement, Self-Esteem, and Abuse Patterns for Women and Men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2015;32(2):268-89.
• Niolon PH, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Latzman NE, Valle LA, Kuoh H, Burton T, Tharp AT. Prevalence of Teen Dating Violence and Co-Occurring Risk Factors Among Middle School Youth in High-Risk Urban Communities. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015;56(2):5-13
• Olson EC, Rickert VI, Davidson LL. Identifying and Supporting Young Women Experiencing Dating Violence: What Health Practitioners Should Be Doing NOW. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2004;17(2):131-6.
• Pflieger JC, Vazsonyi AT. Parenting Processes and Dating Violence: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem in Low-and High-SES Adolescents. Journal of Adolescence 2006;29(4):495-512.
• Pradubmook-Sherer P. Youth Attitudes Toward Dating Violence in Thailand. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 2011;55(2):182-206.
• Ramisetty-Mikler S, Goebert D, Nishimura S, Caetano R. Dating Violence Victimization: Associated Drinking and Sexual Risk Behaviors Od Asian, Native Hawaiian and Caucasian High School Students in Hawaii. Journal of School Health 2006;76 (8):423-9
• Reyes HLM, Foshee VA, Niolon PH, Reidy DE, Hall JE. Gender Role Attitudes and Male Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration: Normative Beliefs as Moderators. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2015;45(2):350-60.
• Shen ACT, Chiu MYL, Gao J. Predictors of Dating Violence Among Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Gender-Role Beliefs and Justification of Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2012;27(6):1066-89.
• Shorey RC, Stuart GL, Cornelius TL. Dating Violence and Substance Use in College Students: A Review of the Literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior 2011;16(6):541-50.
• Silverman JG, Raj A, Clements K. Dating Violence and Associated Sexual Risk and Pregnancy Among Adolescent Girls in the United States. Pediatrics 2004,114(2):220–5
• Silverman JG, Raj A, Mucci LA, Hathaway JE. Dating Violence Against Adolescent Girls and Associated Substance Use, Unhealthy Weight Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Pregnancy, and Suicidality. Journal of American Medical Association 2001;286(5):572-9.
• Şenol D, Yıldız S. Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Algısı Kadın ve Erkek Bakış Açılarıyla. Ankara: Mutlu Çocuklar Derneği Yayınları;2013. p.9-11.
• Temple JR, Freeman DH. Dating Violence and Substance Use Among Ethnically Diverse Adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2011;26(4):701-18.
• Wekerle C, Wolfe DA. (1999). Dating Violence in Mid-Adolescence: Theory, Significance, and Emerging Prevention Initiatives. Clinical Psychology Review 1999;19(4):435-56.
• Wilson HW, Woods BA, Emerson E, Donenberg GR. Patterns of Violence Exposure and Sexual Risk in Low-Income, Urban African American Girls. Psychology of Violence 2012;2:194-207.
• Wubs AG, Aarø LE, Flisher AJ, Bastien S, Onya HE, Kaaya S, Mathews C. Dating Violence Among School Students in Tanzania and South Africa: Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Variations. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2009;37(2):75-86.
• Yumuşak A, Şahin R. (2014). Flörtte Şiddete Yönelik Tutum Ölçeklerinin Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2014;13(49):233-52.