ENFLASYON VE BÜTÇE AÇIKLARI İLİŞKİSİ: TANZİ VE PATİNKİN ETKİSİ
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 195 - 211, 27.11.2010
Zehra Abdioğlu
Harum Terzi
Öz
Tanzi etkisi; enflasyonun, vergi gelirlerinin reel değerini
düşürmek suretiyle bütçe açığını arttırdığını ifade etmektedir. Patinkin etkisi ise
enflasyonun reel harcamaları azaltmak suretiyle bütçe açıklarını azalttığını
savunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Tanzi-Patinkin etkilerinin geçerliliğini ve
bütçe açıkları ile enflasyon oranı arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkiyi Pesaran, Shin
ve Smith (2001) sınır testi yaklaşımı ile 1975-2005 dönemi Türkiye ekonomisi
için incelemektir.
Enflasyon oranı ile bütçe açıklarının uzun dönemde birlikte hareket
ettiklerini gösteren analizlere göre, uzun dönemde enflasyon oranı ile bütçe
açıkları arasında negatif ilişki söz konusudur. Bu ilişki Patinkin etkisinin
Türkiye için Tanzi etkisine göre daha baskın olduğunu göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
- Alavirad, A. (2003) “The Effect of Inflation on Government Revenue and Expenditure: The Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, OPEC Review, 27(4), ss.331-341.
- Akçay, C., Alper, E. ve Özmucur, S. (1996) “Budget Deficit, Money Supply and Inflation: Evidence from Low and High Frequency Data for Turkey”, Bogaziçi University Institute of Social Sciences, Working Paper, ss.96 120.
- Catao, L. ve Terrones, M. E. (2003) “Fiscal Deficits and Inflation”, IMF Working Paper, 3(65), ss.1-32.
- Cardoso, E. (1998) “Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(4), ss.619-646.
- Dickey, D. ve Fuller, W. (1979) “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, ss.427-431.
- Egeli, H. (1999) “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Bütçe Açıkları”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4, ss.1-14.
- Enders, W. (1995), Applied Econometric Time Series, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., US.
- Engle, R. ve Granger, C. W. (1987) “Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing”, Econometrica, 55, ss.251- 276.
- Fischer, S. ve Easterly, W. (1990) “The Economics of the Government Budget Constraint”, The World Bank Research Observer, 5(2), ss.127-142.
- Furstenberg, G., Gren, J. ve Jeong J. (1986) “Tax and Spend, or Spend and Tax?”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 68(2), ss.179-188.
- Hondroyiannis, G. ve Papapetrou, E. (1997) “Are Budget Deficits Inflationary? A Cointegration Approach”, Applied Economics Letters, 4(8), ss.493- 496.
- Johansen, S. (1988) “Statistical Analysis of Cointegrating Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, ss.231-254.
- Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K. (1990) “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Applications to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), ss.169 210.
- Kesbiç, Y., Baldemir, E. ve Bakımlı, E. (2004) “Bütçe Açıkları ile Parasal Büyüme ve Enflasyon Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için bir Model Denemesi”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(2), ss.27-40.
- Mah, J. S. (2000) “An Empirical Examination of the Disaggregated Import Demand of Korea-The Case of Information Technology Products”, Journal of Asian Economic, 11, ss.237-244.
- Metin, K. (1998) “The Relationship between Inflation and the Budget Deficit in Turkey”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 16(4), ss.412- 422.
- Narayan, S. ve Narayan, P. K. (2004) “Determinants of Demand for Fiji’s Exports: An Empirical Investigation”, The Developing Economies, 42(1), ss.95-112.
- Narayan, P. K., Narayan, S. ve Prasad, A. D. (2006) “Modeling the Relationship between Budget Deficits, Money Supply and Inflation in Fiji”, Pacific Economic Bulletin, 21(2), ss.103-116.
- Patinkin, D. (1993) “Israel’s Stabilization Program of 1985, or Some Simple Truths of Monetary Theory”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(2), ss.103-128.
- Pesaran, H. ve Shin, Y. (1999) “An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis”, in Strom, S. (Eds), Paper Presented at Econometrics and Economics Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Pesaran, H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. J. (2001) “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, ss.289-326.
- Phillips, P. ve Peron, P. (1988) “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regressions”, Biometrika, 75(2), ss.335-346.
- Piontkivsky, R., Bakun, M., Kryshko, M. ve Sytnyk, T. (2001) “The Impact of the Budget Deficit on Inflation in Ukraine”, International Centre for Policy Studies, ss.1-25.
- Solomon, M. ve Wet, A. (2004) “The Effect of a Budget Deficit on Inflation: The Case of Tanzania”, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7(1), ss.100-116.
- Şen, H. (2003) “Olivera-Tanzi Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik bir Çalışma”, Maliye Dergisi, 143, ss.30-57.
- Tanzi, V. (1978) “Inflation, Real Tax Revenue, and the Case for Inflationary Finance: Theory with an Application to Argentina”, IMF Staff Papers, 25, ss.417-451.
- Tanzi, V. (2000) “Taxation in Latin America in the Last Decade”, Center for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform, Working Paper, 76, ss.1-38.
- Vieira, C. (2000) “Are Fiscal Deficits Inflationary? Evidence for the EU”, Economic Research Paper, 7, ss.1-16.
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 195 - 211, 27.11.2010
Zehra Abdioğlu
Harum Terzi
Kaynakça
- Alavirad, A. (2003) “The Effect of Inflation on Government Revenue and Expenditure: The Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, OPEC Review, 27(4), ss.331-341.
- Akçay, C., Alper, E. ve Özmucur, S. (1996) “Budget Deficit, Money Supply and Inflation: Evidence from Low and High Frequency Data for Turkey”, Bogaziçi University Institute of Social Sciences, Working Paper, ss.96 120.
- Catao, L. ve Terrones, M. E. (2003) “Fiscal Deficits and Inflation”, IMF Working Paper, 3(65), ss.1-32.
- Cardoso, E. (1998) “Virtual Deficits and the Patinkin Effect”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(4), ss.619-646.
- Dickey, D. ve Fuller, W. (1979) “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, ss.427-431.
- Egeli, H. (1999) “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Bütçe Açıkları”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4, ss.1-14.
- Enders, W. (1995), Applied Econometric Time Series, 1st ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., US.
- Engle, R. ve Granger, C. W. (1987) “Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing”, Econometrica, 55, ss.251- 276.
- Fischer, S. ve Easterly, W. (1990) “The Economics of the Government Budget Constraint”, The World Bank Research Observer, 5(2), ss.127-142.
- Furstenberg, G., Gren, J. ve Jeong J. (1986) “Tax and Spend, or Spend and Tax?”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 68(2), ss.179-188.
- Hondroyiannis, G. ve Papapetrou, E. (1997) “Are Budget Deficits Inflationary? A Cointegration Approach”, Applied Economics Letters, 4(8), ss.493- 496.
- Johansen, S. (1988) “Statistical Analysis of Cointegrating Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, ss.231-254.
- Johansen, S. ve Juselius, K. (1990) “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with Applications to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), ss.169 210.
- Kesbiç, Y., Baldemir, E. ve Bakımlı, E. (2004) “Bütçe Açıkları ile Parasal Büyüme ve Enflasyon Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye için bir Model Denemesi”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(2), ss.27-40.
- Mah, J. S. (2000) “An Empirical Examination of the Disaggregated Import Demand of Korea-The Case of Information Technology Products”, Journal of Asian Economic, 11, ss.237-244.
- Metin, K. (1998) “The Relationship between Inflation and the Budget Deficit in Turkey”, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 16(4), ss.412- 422.
- Narayan, S. ve Narayan, P. K. (2004) “Determinants of Demand for Fiji’s Exports: An Empirical Investigation”, The Developing Economies, 42(1), ss.95-112.
- Narayan, P. K., Narayan, S. ve Prasad, A. D. (2006) “Modeling the Relationship between Budget Deficits, Money Supply and Inflation in Fiji”, Pacific Economic Bulletin, 21(2), ss.103-116.
- Patinkin, D. (1993) “Israel’s Stabilization Program of 1985, or Some Simple Truths of Monetary Theory”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7(2), ss.103-128.
- Pesaran, H. ve Shin, Y. (1999) “An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Modelling Approach to Cointegration Analysis”, in Strom, S. (Eds), Paper Presented at Econometrics and Economics Theory in the 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Pesaran, H., Shin, Y. ve Smith, R. J. (2001) “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, ss.289-326.
- Phillips, P. ve Peron, P. (1988) “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regressions”, Biometrika, 75(2), ss.335-346.
- Piontkivsky, R., Bakun, M., Kryshko, M. ve Sytnyk, T. (2001) “The Impact of the Budget Deficit on Inflation in Ukraine”, International Centre for Policy Studies, ss.1-25.
- Solomon, M. ve Wet, A. (2004) “The Effect of a Budget Deficit on Inflation: The Case of Tanzania”, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7(1), ss.100-116.
- Şen, H. (2003) “Olivera-Tanzi Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik bir Çalışma”, Maliye Dergisi, 143, ss.30-57.
- Tanzi, V. (1978) “Inflation, Real Tax Revenue, and the Case for Inflationary Finance: Theory with an Application to Argentina”, IMF Staff Papers, 25, ss.417-451.
- Tanzi, V. (2000) “Taxation in Latin America in the Last Decade”, Center for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform, Working Paper, 76, ss.1-38.
- Vieira, C. (2000) “Are Fiscal Deficits Inflationary? Evidence for the EU”, Economic Research Paper, 7, ss.1-16.