Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 109 - 120, 05.03.2013
Öz
This paper investigates determinants of child labour in urban Turkey, on the basis of binary response variables in order to estimate a probability for child labour participation decision, given some sort of characteristics and reviews previous finds in this field with a newer data set. For this purpose, we use a newer data, collected by official statistic institution of Turkey and implement a regression procedure, namely, Probit Regression. According to our finds, there does exist significant relations between child labour participation decision and individuals’ characteristics, as well as financial constraints of household members in Turkey. In particular, child labour participation decision is significantly associated with father’s income. Therefore, we find implies about luxury good property of counter decision of child labour participation in Turkey.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Baland, J. M. and Robinson, J. A. (2000), Is Child Labor Inefficient?”, The Journal of Political Economy , Vol. 108, No. 4, pp. 663-679.
- Basu, K. (1999), Child Labor: Cause, Consequence, and Cure, with Remarks on International Labor Standarts, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1083-1119.
- Basu, K.. and Ray, R. (2001), The Collective Model of the Household and an Unexpected Implication for Child Labor: Hypotesis and an Emprical Test, The World Bank Working Paper 2813, Washington D.C.
- Basu, K.. and Van, P. H. (1998), The Economics of Child Labour, American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 412-427.
- Basu, K.. and Zarghamee H. (2009), Is product boycott a good idea for controlling child labor? A theoretical investigation, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 88, pp. 217–220.
- Beegle, K.. and Dehejia, R., Gatti, R. (2008), Why Should We Care About Child Labor? The Education, Labor Market, and Health Consequences of Child Labor, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 44.
- Binder, M. and Scrogin, D. (1999), Labour Force Participation and Household Work of Urban Schoolchildren in Mexico: Characteristics and Consequences, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.48, No. 1, pp. 123-154.
- Brown, D. K.. and Deardorff, A. V. and Stern, R. M. (2002), The Determinant of Child Labor: Theory and Evidence, RSIE Discussion Paper, No. 486, University of Michigan.
- Dayioglu, M. (2005), Patterns of Chance in Child Labour in Schooling in Turkey: The Impact of Compulsary Schooling, Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 195-210.
- Dayioglu, M. (2006), The Impact of Household Income on Child Labour in Urban Turkey, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 939-95
- Dayioglu, M. (2008), Mother's and Children's Employment in Turkey, The Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 42, pp. 95.
- Dayioglu, M. and Assad, R. (2006), Determinants of Child Labor in Urban Turkey, The Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics Seminar, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Doepke, M. and Zilibotti, F. (2010), Do international labor standards contribute to the persistence of the child-labor problem?, J Econ Growth, Vol. 15, pp. 1–31.
- Edmonds, V., E. (2008), Defining Child Labour: A Review of the Definitions of Child Labour in Policy Research, International Labour Office, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), ILO, Geneva.
- Edmonds, V., E. and Schady, N. (2009), Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 15345.
- Emerson, P. M. and Knabb, S. D. (2006), Opportunity, Inequality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Child Labour, Economica, New Series, Vol. 73, No. 291, pp. 413-434
- Fan, C., S. (2011), The Luxury Axiom, The Wealth Paradox, and Child Labor, Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 25.
- Grossman, H. and Michaelis, J. (2007), Trade Sanctions and the Incidence of Child Labor, Review of Development Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 49-6
- Guarcello, L. and Mealli, F., Rosati, F. C., (2010), Household vulnerability and child labor: the effect of shocks, credit rationing, and insurance, J Popul Econ, Vol. 23, pp.169–198.
- ILO (International Labour Organization), (2010), Defining Child Labour, http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/, Access Date 07.01.2012.
- Joseph, G. and Plaza, S. (2010), Impact of Remittances on Child Labor in Ghana,The World Bank.
- Kis-Katos, K. and Sparrow, R. (2009), Child Labor and Trade Liberalization in Indonesia, IZA Discussion Paper Series, No. 4376.
- Levison, D. (1997), Household Composotion and early Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Brazil on Children’s Labour Force Work and Schooling, mimeography, University of Minnesota
- Rogers, C. A. and Swinnerton K. A. (2008), A theory of exploitative child labor, Oxford Economic Papers Vol. 60, pp. 20–41.
- Tansel, A. (2002), Determinants of School Attaintment of Boys and Girls in Turkey: Individual, Household and Community Factors, Economics of Education Review, Vol. 21, pp. 455-470.
- TURKSTAT (Turkis Statistical Institute) (2007), Çocuk İşgücü Araştırması (Child Labour Survey), 2006, 20 Nisan 2007 Haber Bülteni (news bulletin), Sayı 61.
- UNICEF (United Nation’s Children Fund), (2010), Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse, http://www.unicef.org/ protection/index_childlabour.html , Access Date 15.07.2012.
- UNITED NATIONS, Convention on the Rights of the Child, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm , Access Date 18.02.2012.
Yıl 2013,
Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 109 - 120, 05.03.2013
Öz
Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin kentsel bölgesinde çocuk işgücünün
belirleyicilerini araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’de çocuk işgücüne katılım
kararı için bir olasılık tahmin etmek amacıyla ikili cevap değişkenleri temelinde,
konu ile ilgili çeşitli karakteristikler verilmiş, önceki çalışmaların bulguların
özetlenmiş ve bu çerçevede Türkiye'de çocuk işçiliğinin belirleyicilerinin ortaya
konulması hedeflenmiştir.
Bu amaçla, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından toplanan 2006 yılına
ait veri seti kullanılmıştır ve Probit Regresyon adı verilen bir regresyon yöntemi
uygulanmıştır. Bulgularımıza göre çocuk işgücüne katılım kararı bireylerin
karakteristiklerinin yanı sıra hane halkı üyelerinin mali kısıtlamaları tarafından
belirlenmektedir. Özellikle, çocuk işgücü katılım kararı babanın geliri ile
ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle bulgularımız, Türkiye’de çocuk işgücüne katılmama
kararının bir lüks mal niteliğinde olduğunu göstermektedir.
Kaynakça
- Baland, J. M. and Robinson, J. A. (2000), Is Child Labor Inefficient?”, The Journal of Political Economy , Vol. 108, No. 4, pp. 663-679.
- Basu, K. (1999), Child Labor: Cause, Consequence, and Cure, with Remarks on International Labor Standarts, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1083-1119.
- Basu, K.. and Ray, R. (2001), The Collective Model of the Household and an Unexpected Implication for Child Labor: Hypotesis and an Emprical Test, The World Bank Working Paper 2813, Washington D.C.
- Basu, K.. and Van, P. H. (1998), The Economics of Child Labour, American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 412-427.
- Basu, K.. and Zarghamee H. (2009), Is product boycott a good idea for controlling child labor? A theoretical investigation, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 88, pp. 217–220.
- Beegle, K.. and Dehejia, R., Gatti, R. (2008), Why Should We Care About Child Labor? The Education, Labor Market, and Health Consequences of Child Labor, The Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 44.
- Binder, M. and Scrogin, D. (1999), Labour Force Participation and Household Work of Urban Schoolchildren in Mexico: Characteristics and Consequences, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.48, No. 1, pp. 123-154.
- Brown, D. K.. and Deardorff, A. V. and Stern, R. M. (2002), The Determinant of Child Labor: Theory and Evidence, RSIE Discussion Paper, No. 486, University of Michigan.
- Dayioglu, M. (2005), Patterns of Chance in Child Labour in Schooling in Turkey: The Impact of Compulsary Schooling, Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 195-210.
- Dayioglu, M. (2006), The Impact of Household Income on Child Labour in Urban Turkey, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 42, No. 6, pp. 939-95
- Dayioglu, M. (2008), Mother's and Children's Employment in Turkey, The Journal of Developing Areas, Vol. 42, pp. 95.
- Dayioglu, M. and Assad, R. (2006), Determinants of Child Labor in Urban Turkey, The Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics Seminar, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- Doepke, M. and Zilibotti, F. (2010), Do international labor standards contribute to the persistence of the child-labor problem?, J Econ Growth, Vol. 15, pp. 1–31.
- Edmonds, V., E. (2008), Defining Child Labour: A Review of the Definitions of Child Labour in Policy Research, International Labour Office, International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), ILO, Geneva.
- Edmonds, V., E. and Schady, N. (2009), Poverty Alleviation and Child Labor, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 15345.
- Emerson, P. M. and Knabb, S. D. (2006), Opportunity, Inequality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Child Labour, Economica, New Series, Vol. 73, No. 291, pp. 413-434
- Fan, C., S. (2011), The Luxury Axiom, The Wealth Paradox, and Child Labor, Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 25.
- Grossman, H. and Michaelis, J. (2007), Trade Sanctions and the Incidence of Child Labor, Review of Development Economics, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 49-6
- Guarcello, L. and Mealli, F., Rosati, F. C., (2010), Household vulnerability and child labor: the effect of shocks, credit rationing, and insurance, J Popul Econ, Vol. 23, pp.169–198.
- ILO (International Labour Organization), (2010), Defining Child Labour, http://www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang--en/, Access Date 07.01.2012.
- Joseph, G. and Plaza, S. (2010), Impact of Remittances on Child Labor in Ghana,The World Bank.
- Kis-Katos, K. and Sparrow, R. (2009), Child Labor and Trade Liberalization in Indonesia, IZA Discussion Paper Series, No. 4376.
- Levison, D. (1997), Household Composotion and early Human Capital Formation: Evidence from Brazil on Children’s Labour Force Work and Schooling, mimeography, University of Minnesota
- Rogers, C. A. and Swinnerton K. A. (2008), A theory of exploitative child labor, Oxford Economic Papers Vol. 60, pp. 20–41.
- Tansel, A. (2002), Determinants of School Attaintment of Boys and Girls in Turkey: Individual, Household and Community Factors, Economics of Education Review, Vol. 21, pp. 455-470.
- TURKSTAT (Turkis Statistical Institute) (2007), Çocuk İşgücü Araştırması (Child Labour Survey), 2006, 20 Nisan 2007 Haber Bülteni (news bulletin), Sayı 61.
- UNICEF (United Nation’s Children Fund), (2010), Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation and Abuse, http://www.unicef.org/ protection/index_childlabour.html , Access Date 15.07.2012.
- UNITED NATIONS, Convention on the Rights of the Child, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm , Access Date 18.02.2012.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | en;tr |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Mart 2013 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2013 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2 |
