From Open-Door to Integration Politics and Toleration Policy in Germany’s Asylum System

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 25 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 65 - 86, 29.11.2021

Zahide Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.53487/ataunisosbil.889011

Cited By: 1

Öz

Germany accepted over 1 million refugees in 2015-2016 by announcing an “open-door refugee policy” and suspension of the Dublin Regulation. Although Germany adopted a generous welcome policy and “integration politics”, many asylum seekers were not granted refugee status. This policy has raised the questions of whether Germany has received too many refugees, burden sharing, whether refugees pose a security risk and a threat. Germany quickly changed its policy and started to implement restrictive asylum policies. The German asylum system has four forms of protection: refugee, asylum, subsidiary protection, and a ban on deportation (toleration-Duldung). This paper aims to prepare a framework of implementations from 2015 and to examine transformation in integration politics and toleration status. Rejected asylum seekers may be granted a tolerated stay under certain circumstances such as education, work, and health issues, but toleration status is still temporary, uncertain, and hinders integration. On the other hand, the latest amendments facilitate the integration of people in toleration status who demonstrate the potential to integrate and have a chance of staying permanently in Germany.

Anahtar Kelimeler

German Asylum System, Toleration-Duldung, Integration Politics, Migration Management, International Migration

Alman Sığınma Sisteminde Açık Kapıdan Entegrasyon Siyasetine Geçiş ve Tolerans Politikası

Öz

Almanya 2015-2016 yıllarında “açık kapı politikası” uygulayacağını ve Dublin Düzenlemelerini askıya aldığını açıklayarak 1 milyondan fazla mülteciyi kabul etmiştir. Almanya cömert bir mülteci politikası ve “entegrasyon siyaseti” uygulamasına rağmen çoğu sığınmacıya mülteci statüsü vermemiştir. Bu politika, Almanya’nın çok fazla mülteci alıp almadığı, yük paylaşımı, mültecilerin güvenlik riski ve tehdit olup olmadığı sorularını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Almanya hızlıca politikasını değiştirmiş ve sınırlayıcı sığınma politikaları uygulamaya başlamıştır. Alman sığınma sisteminde dört tür koruma bulunmaktadır: Mülteci, sığınmacı, ek koruma ve sınır dışı etmenin yasaklanması (Tolerans-Duldung). Bu makale, 2015 yılından itibaren sığınmacı sayısını kısıtlamaya yönelik uygulamaların çerçevesini oluşturmayı, entegrasyon siyaseti ve tolerans statüsünün değişimini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Başvurusu reddedilen sığınmacıların eğitim, çalışma, sağlık gibi belirli koşulları karşılamaları halinde ülkede kalmasına (tolerans) izin verilmekle birlikte tolerans statüsü hala geçici, belirsiz ve entegrasyonu engelleyen bir statüdür. Diğer taraftan, son değişiklikler tolerans statüsündeki kişilerin entegre olma potansiyellerini (hak etme) göstermeleri halinde entegrasyonuna ve Almanya’da sürekli kalma imkanına sahip olmalarına olanak sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alman Sığınma sistemi, Tolerans-Duldung, Entegrasyon Siyaseti, Göç Yönetimi, Uluslararası göç

Kaynakça

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