Düvelerde Mastitis: Prevalansı, Risk Faktörleri ve Patogenezi

Öz

Dünyada ve özellikle ülkemizde düve mastitislerinin önemi, yetiştiriciler ve veteriner hekimler tarafından henüz yeterince kavranamamıştır. Doğum yapmamış düvelerde meme enfeksiyonlarının olamayacağı düşüncesinin aksine, altı aylık düvelerde dahi meme içi enfeksiyon şekillenebilmektedir. Gebe düvelerde doğumdan önce meme içi enfeksiyon prevalansı %90 oranına kadar çıkabilmekte, doğumdan sonra ise bu oran %45 civarında devam edebilmektedir. Ancak, meme içi enfeksiyon saptanma oranı ve bu enfeksiyonlara neden olan patojen tipleri her sürüde farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Subklinik ve klinik mastitis olgularında düve meme loblarından en sık izole edilen mikroorganizmalar Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus aureus ve Streptococcus uberis’dir. İlk gebeliği sırasında enfekte olduğu belirlenen düvelerde, doğumdan hemen sonra alınan süt örneklerinde ortalama somatik hücre sayısı 20x106 hücre/ml’ye kadar yükselirken, sağlıklı meme loblarında bu değer ortalama 3.5x106 hücre/ml olarak belirlenmektedir. Düvelerde mastitise neden olan risk faktörleri arasında yaz aylarında doğum yapma, buzağıların mastitisli sütlerle beslenmesi, buzağıların birbirini emmesi, düvelerin ineklerle temas halinde olması, sinek kontrolünün eksikliği ve barınak koşullarının sağlıksız olması gibi etkenler sayılmaktadır. Bu derlemede yeterince önemsenmeyen düve mastitislerinin prevalansı, mastitise neden olan risk faktörleri ve patogenezinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düve
• Mastitis
• Patogenez
• Prevalans

Heifer Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Pathogenesis

Abstract

The importance of heifer mastitis is not completely understood by veterinary surgeons and breeders in our country and world. In contras to the idea of mammary infections can not in heifers, intramammary infections could be detected even in the six-month old heifers. The prevalence of intramammary infection can be as high as 90% in precalving period, and 45% in post calving period. However, the rate of intramammary infections and types of pathogens causing these infections may show variations in each herd. The most frequently isolated microorganisms are Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis from heifer mammary quarters in subclinical and clinical mastitis. The somatic cell count was reported to be 20x106 and 3.5x106 cell/ml in the mammary secrets collected from infected heifers and healthy heifers, respectively. Risk factors for heifer mastitis are calving in summer, feeding calves with mastitic milks, suckling among calves, contact with adult cows, absence of fly control, and poor housing conditions. The aim of this review was to evaluate with respect to prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis.

Keywords

• Heifer
• Mastitis
• Pathogenesis
• Prevalence

Kaynakça

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