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Öz

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of tier level on the performance and egg quality traits of laying hens in different seasons. A total of 288 Lohmann hens were used and placed into 3-tier cage (T=top, M=middle, B=bottom). The measurements obtained herein for 12 months showed that the air quality and temperature changed depending on the season. Sure enough, as the outdoor temperature of poultry houses lowered in the winter season, the indoor temperature of poultry houses decreased. The lower values of CO, NH and H S of poultry houses in the summer increased in winter season, and also the relative humidity increased. While the egg production of hens caged at the T tiers was higher (P<0.05) in the winter and autumn seasons, this parameter was high (P<0.01) for hens housed at the T and M tiers in spring season. But, the hens at the T and M tiers consumed more feed (P<0.01) in the spring. Considering the tier levels, there was no difference in the feed conversion ratio during all the seasons. While the eggs of hens reared at the T and M were lighter in winter, but the eggs of hens at the T tier in spring, summer and autumn became lightened. In the assessments of the inner and outer quality of egg, the shape index and Haugh unit did not differ among the cage tiers during all the seasons. The eggshell of hens raised at the B tiers was thicker in summer. On the other hand, the stiffness of eggshell in the spring at the T tiers was higher. In conclusion, although the laying hens caged at the T tiers in winter, spring and autumn seasons had higher egg production than that of hens kept at the L tiers, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) being the most critical criteria of the performance traits, was not affected by tier levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Air quality, Egg quality, Laying performance, Season, Tier level.

Farklı Mevsimlerde Kafes Seviyesinin Yumurtacı Tavukların Performans ve Yumurta Kalite Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırma, mevsime bağlı olarak kümes-içi çevre şartları değişikliklerini ve farklı mevsimlerde kafes seviyesinin yumurtacı tavuklarda performans ve yumurta kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Araştırmada, 288 Lohman Beyaz yumurtacı tavuk 3 farklı kata (Ü = üst, O = orta, B = alt) eşit sayıda dağıtıldı. Bir yıl süre ile yapılan ölçümlerle, mevsime bağlı olarak kümes içi hava kalitesi ve sıcaklık değerlerinde meydana gelen değişimler gözlendi. Yaz mevsiminde düşük seviyede seyreden CO2, NH3 ve H2S seviyeleri kış mevsiminde yükselmiş ve kümes içi bağıl nem arttı. Kış ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde Ü katların (P < 0.05), ilkbaharda ise Ü ve O katların (P < 0.01) yumurta verimi daha yüksek bulundu. İlkbahar mevsiminde Ü ve O katların yem tüketimi daha yüksek oldu (P < 0.01). Bütün mevsimlerde yemden yararlanma değerleri bakımından katlar arsında fark önemsiz bulundu (P > 0.05). Kış mevsiminde Ü ve O katlarda (P < 0.05), ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar mevsiminde ise Ü katlarda barındırılan tavukların yumurta ağırlıkları daha düşük oldu (P < 0.001). Yumurta dış ve iç kalitesi ile ilgili değerler incelendiğinde; yaz mevsiminde A katlarda barındırılan tavukların yumurta kabuk kalınlığının (P < 0.001); ilkbahar ayında ise Ü katlardaki tavuklara ait yumurtaların kırılma mukavemetinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi (P < 0.05). Sonuç olarak; kış, ilkbahar ve sonbahar mevsimlerinde üst katlarda barındırılan tavukların yumurta verimi daha fazla olmasına rağmen, performans özelliklerinin en önemli kriteri olan yemden yararlanma oranının kat seviyesinden etkilenmediği tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hava kalitesi, Kafes katı, Mevsim, Yumurta kalitesi, Yumurtlama performansı

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