Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Abstract

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is a member of neurotrophin family having roles in survival, growth and function of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. BDNF mRNA and protein levels have been identified in the cerebellum, hippocampus, bulbus olfactorius, spinal cord, thalamus, prefrontal cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, regions of the projections of the olfactory system, striatum and superior colliculus. Although the early BDNF expression studies have demonstrated that this molecule were related with neurons, while in subsequent studies the BDNF synthesis have been determined in non-neuronal cells of central nervous system, peripheral vascular endothelial cells, lymphocytes, platelets, leukocytes, monocytes, T and B lymphocytes. Also, BDNF mRNA expression has been reported in heart, lung, kidney, spleen and urinary bladder cells. The expression and concentration of BDNF varies in physiological events and pathological situations. BDNF serves mainly to the development and refreshment of neurons in the central nervous system in addition to contributing to be structurally healthy of important nerve pathways and to the continuity of their performance. Because of the importance of BDNF to the neuronal survival and function in nervous system, applications of this neurotrophin in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has gained importance and acceleration. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the structure, synthesis, functions and therapeutic use of BDNF.

Keywords

• BDNF, Neurodegeneration, p75NTR, TrkB

Beyin Kaynaklı Nörotrofik Faktör

Öz

Beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör (BDNF), nörotrofin ailesinin bir üyesi olup merkezi ve çevresel sinir sisteminde nöronların yaşamasında, büyümesinde ve fonksiyonlarında görev alır. BDNF mRNA ve protein düzeyleri serebellum, hipokampus, bulbus olfaktorius, medulla spinalis, talamus,  prefrontal serebral korteks, hipotalamus, amigdala, koku sisteminin projeksiyon bölgeleri, striatum ve superior kollikulusta tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan ilk BDNF ekspresyonu çalışmalarında molekülün nöronlarla ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiş olmasına rağmen, daha sonraki çalışmalarda BDNF’nin merkezi sinir sisteminde nöron harici hücrelerden, periferde vasküler endotel hücrelerinden, lenfositlerden, trombositlerden, lökositlerden, monositlerden, T ve B lenfositlerden sentezlendiği belirlenmiştir. Kalp, akciğer, böbrek, dalak ve mesane hücrelerinde de BDNF mRNA ekspresyonu rapor edilmiştir. BDNF ekspresyonu ve konsantrasyonu fizyolojik olaylarda ve patolojik durumlarda değişmektedir. BDNF, merkezi sinir sisteminde esas olarak nöronların gelişmelerine ve kendilerini yenilemelerine yardımcı olurken, önemli sinir yolaklarının yapısal olarak sağlıklı olmalarına ve görevlerini sürdürmelerine de katkıda bulunur. Sinir sisteminde nöronların sağkalımını desteklemesi ve nöronal fonksiyonları etkilemesinden dolayı nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavi edilmesinde, BDNF uygulamaları önem ve hız kazanmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı, BDNF’nin yapısı, sentezi, etki mekanizması,  fonksiyonları ve tedavi amaçlı kullanımı hakkında bilgi vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• BDNF, Nörodejenerasyon, p75NTR, TrkB

Kaynakça

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