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Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 85 - 94, 16.04.2011

Öz

Rumende korunmuş yağlar süt ineklerinin rasyonlarına rumen fonksiyonunu etkilemeksizin rasyonun enerji
yoğunluğunu artırmak amacıyla katılmaktadır. Sıcaklık stresi esnasında ineklerde metabolik değişiklikler oluşmakta, kuru
madde tüketimi azalmakta ve performansta düşmeler meydana gelmektedir. Bu değişikliklerin olumsuz etkilerini minimize
etmek ve yüksek laktasyon performansını sağlamak için korunmuş yağ katkısının süt endüstrisinde önemi giderek artış
göstermektedir. Çeşitli çalışmalarda, korunmuş yağların çeşitli verim ölçütlerini iyileştirdiğine dair bilgiler de bulunmaktadır.
Laktasyondaki ruminantların rasyonlarında yem katkısı olarak korunmuş yağ kullanımının süt verimini, süt yağ içeriğini
iyileştirdiği, süt yağının yağ asit komposizyonunu düzenlediği, süt protein düzeyini de düşürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Genel
olarak süt ineklerinin rasyonuna yağ katkısı kuru maddenin % 3’ü düzeyinde sınırlandırıldığında kuru madde ve selüloz
sindirilebilirliği azalmaktadır. Korunmuş yağ katıldığında ise rasyonun yağ içeriği kuru madde tüketiminin % 6-7’sini
geçmektedir. Ruminantlar, yağ asitlerinin kalsiyum tuzlarıyla beslendiklerinde plazma kolesterol ve progesteron düzeylerinde
artış oluşmakta bu da ovulasyon oranı ile embriyo kalitesi üzerine olumlu etki yapmaktadır. Bu makalede, hayvan
beslemede kullanılan korunmuş yağlar ile hayvanlar üzerinde yapılan besleme çalışmaları ele alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Arar HRH., Harb M., 2006. The effect of adding protected fat in the ration of lactating Awassi ewes and fattening lambs. Jordan J. Agric. Sci., 2, 35-43.
  • Ayaşan T., 2009. Süt ineklerinin beslenmesinde süt üre nitrojenin önemi. Gaziosmanpaşa Univ. Zir. Fak. Derg., 26, 27-33.
  • Boland R., Lonergan P., O’Callaghan D., 2001. Effect of nutrition on endocrine parameters, ovarian physiology, oocyte and embryo development. Theriogenology, 55, 1323-1340.
  • Cedden F., Elicin MK., Corduk M., 2008. Effect of rumen protected fat on somatic cell counts of milk in dairy goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7, 1426- 1429.
  • Chilliard Y., 1993. Dietary fat and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants, pigs, and rodents: A review. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 3897–3931.
  • Douglas GN., Overton TR., Bateman HG., Drackley Peripartal JK., 2004. metabolism and production of Holstein cows fed diets supplemented with fat during the dry period. J. Dairy Sci., 87, 4210–4220.
  • Duske K., Hammon HM., Langhof AK., Bellman O., Losand B., Nürnberg K., Nürnberg G., Sauerwein H., Seyfert HM., Metges CC., 2009. Metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet containing rumen-protected fat during the last twelve weeks of gestation. J. Dairy Sci., 92, 1670-1684.
  • Elliott JP., Drackley JK., Weigel DJ., 1996. Digestibility and effects of hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 79, 1031–1039.
  • El-Shahat KH., Abo-El Maaty AM., 2010. The effect of dietary supplementation with calcium salts of long chain fatty acids and/or L-carnitine on ovarian activity of Rahmani ewes. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 117, 78-82.
  • Ganjkhanlou M., Rezayazdi K., Ghorbani GR., Denghan Banadaky M., Morraveg H., Yang WZ., 2009. Effects of protected fat supplements on production of early lactation Holstein cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 154, 276-283.
  • Görgülü M., Kutlu HR., 2001. Süt sığırcılığında çevre sıcaklığı ve besleme ilişkisi. Çiftçi Tarım ve Hay Derg., 123, 21-28.
  • Haddad SG., Younis HM., 2004. The effect of adding ruminally protected fat in fattening diets on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech., 113, 61-69.
  • Jenkins TC., Bertrand JA., Bridges WC., 1998. Interactions of tallow and hay particle size on yield and composition of milk from lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 1396–1402.
  • Junior ACH., Ezequiel JMBE., Galati RL., Gonçalvez JS., Santos VC., Sato RA., 2010. Graos de girassol ou gordura protegida em dietas com alto concentrado e ganho compensatorio de cordeiros em confinamento. R. Bras. Zootec., 39, 563-571.
  • Kapittayanant P., Chasombat J., Suksombat W., Kapittayanant S., 1998. Effects of bypass fat supplementation on the oestrous cycle duration of early lactating cows. 203.158.6.22: 8080/sutir/bitstream/123456789/2181/1/1571 _F.pdf.
  • Khorasani GR., Kennelly JJ., 1998. Effect of added dietary fat on performance, rumen characteris- tics, and plasma metabolites of midlactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 2459–2468.
  • Lounglawan P., Chullanandana K., Suksombat W., 2008. The effect of hydrogenated fat or Ca-salt of fatty acids on milk yield, composition and milk fatty acid of dairy cows during mid lactation. Thai J. Agric. Sci., 41, 29-36.
  • McNamara S., Butler T., Ryan DP., Mee JF., Dillon P., O’Mara FP., Butler ST., Anglesey D., Rath M., Murphy JJ., 2003. Effect of offering rumen- protected fat supplements on fertility and performance in spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 79, 45-56.
  • Macrae AI., Penny CD., Hodgson-Jones L., Aitchison K., Burton S., Lawson D., Kirkland R., Grant N., 2008. Effect of feeding protected fat on dairy cow productivity and fertility. Br Soc Anim Sci, http://www.bsas.org.uk/downloads/annlproc/ Pdf2008/pdf2008.pdf.
  • Mu Y., 2002. Rumen protected fat. Feed Inter., 23, 28-31.
  • Naik PK., Saijpaul S., Rani N., 2009. Effect of ruminally protected fat on in vitro fermen- tation and apparent nutrient digestibility in buffaloes. Anim Feed Sci Tech., 153, 68–76.
  • Naik PK., Saijpaul S., Kaur K., 2010. Effect of supplementation of indigenously prepared rumen protected fat on rumen fermentation in buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80 (9), 902-905.
  • Onal AG., Robinson, JJ., Staines ME., Speake BK., Hutchinson JSM., King ME., Kuran M., Gebbie FE., McEwoy TG., 1999. Protected fat and donor age effects on plasma total lipid level, plasma progesterone concentration, embriyo yield and quality following superovulation in the sheep. Br Soc Anim Sci, http://www. bsas.org.uk/downloads/annlproc/pdf99/prog9 9.pdf.
  • Onetti SG., Shaver RD., McGuire MA., 2001. Effect of type and level of dietary fat on rumen fermentation and performance of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 2751–2759.
  • Özdemir N., Denkbaş EB., 2003. Hayat veren yağlar: Omega yağları. Bilim ve Teknik Derg, 78-80.
  • Perez CA., Ku Vera J., Garnsworthy PC., 2009. Effects of bypass fat on energy balance, milk production and reproduction in grazing crossbred cows in the tropics. Livestock Sci., 121, 64-71.
  • Polidori F., Sgoifo Rossi CA., Senatore EM., Savoni G., Dellorto V., 1997. Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin and calcium salts of long chain fatty acids on milk from Italian buffalo. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 2137–42.
  • Robinson JJ., 1996. Nutrition and reproduction. Anim Reprod Sci., 42, 25-36.
  • Schingoethe DJ., Casper DP., 1991. Total lactational response to added fat during early lactation. J Dairy Sci., 74, 2617–2622.
  • Sirohi SK., Walli TK., Mohanta RK., 2010. Supplementation effect of bypass fat on production performance of lactating crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80, 733-736.
  • Spicer LJ., Verron RK., Tucker RP., Wettemann RP., Adams GD., 1993. Effects of protected fat on plasma concentrations of cholesterol and progesterone in lactating dairy cows. Oklahoma State University Animal Science Research Report, 175-178. Thakur SS., Shelke SK., 2010. Effect of supplementing bypass fat prepared from soybean acid oil on milk yield and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80, 354-357.
  • Thatcher WW., Stables CR., Danet-Desnoyers G., Oldick B., Schmitt EP., 1994. Embryo health and mortality in sheep and cattle, J. Dairy Sci., 72, 16-30.
  • Türkmen İİ., 2010. Süt sığırı rasyonlarına yağ katılmalı mı? Tüsedad Derg., Mart-Nisan sayısı, 19.
  • Tyagi N., Thakur SS., Shelke SK., 2010. Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive and reproductive performance in crossbred cows. Trop Anim Health Prod., Jun, 2010.
  • Voigt J., Kuhla S., Gaafar K., Derno M., Hagemeister H., 2006. Digestibility of rumen protected fat in cattle. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 39, 16-19.
  • Weigel DJ., Elliot JP., Clark JH., 1997. Effects of amount and ruminal degradability of protein on nutrient digestibility and production by cows fed tallow. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 1150–1159.
  • West JW., Hill GM., 1990. Effect of a protected fat product on productivity of lactating Holstein and Jersey cows. J Dairy Sci., 73, 3200-3207.
  • Yavuz HM., Biricik H., 2009. Süt sığırlarının sıcak stresinde beslenmesi. Uludağ Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 28, 1-7.
  • Yildiz S., Güven B., Blache D., Uzun M., Celebi F., Kaya M., Cenesiz M., Baykal A., 2001. Effects of diets aimed at changing body composition between 3 and 11 months after birth on body weight, condition score and leptin concentrations of pre-pubertal fat-tailed Tuj lambs. European Society of Anim Reprod, Summer meeting, 13-15 September, Vienna.
  • Yıldız S., Uzun M., Çelebi F., Çolak A., Güven B., 2002. Effects of prepubertal nutrition on Birth ratio of Tuj ewe-lambs induced to ovulate in the first breeding season. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 8, 59-62.
  • Yilmaz A., Corduk M., Toprak NN., Pulatsu S., 2009. Effects of the supplemental protected fat to concentrate feed on performance and some milk parameters in dairy goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8, 2143-2146.

Use of Protected Fats in Animal Nutrition

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 85 - 94, 16.04.2011

Öz

Rumen protected fats are often included in dairy cow rations in order to increase the energy density of the ration without compromising rumen function. Cows undergo metabolic changes during heat stress, which may lead to decreases in dry matter (DM) intake and subsequent declines in performance. In an attempt to minimize the negative affects of these changes and maintain high lactation performance, use of supplemental protected fat is increasing in popularity in the dairy industry. In various studies, the effects of protected fats have been examined, with some of those reporting an improvement in various fertility parameters. Rumen-protected fats as feed ingredients for lactating ruminants have been widely tested in many experiments. The main effects recorded are higher milk yield, improved milk fat content, and modified fatty acid composition of the milk fat. Additional effects, such as decreased milk protein content. Generally, inclusion of fat in dairy ration is limited to 3% of dry matter intake as beyond this, dry matter and fibre digestibilities are reduced. However, if supplementation of fat is through rumen protected fat, the fat content of the ration can be increased up to 6–7% of the dry matter intake. When fed to ruminants in the form of calcium salts of fatty acids, they have been shown to increase plasma cholesterol and progesterone levels which, in turn, could have beneficial effects on ovulation rate and embryo quality. In this paper, feeding studies on the protected fat used in animal nutrition have been reviewed.

Kaynakça

  • Arar HRH., Harb M., 2006. The effect of adding protected fat in the ration of lactating Awassi ewes and fattening lambs. Jordan J. Agric. Sci., 2, 35-43.
  • Ayaşan T., 2009. Süt ineklerinin beslenmesinde süt üre nitrojenin önemi. Gaziosmanpaşa Univ. Zir. Fak. Derg., 26, 27-33.
  • Boland R., Lonergan P., O’Callaghan D., 2001. Effect of nutrition on endocrine parameters, ovarian physiology, oocyte and embryo development. Theriogenology, 55, 1323-1340.
  • Cedden F., Elicin MK., Corduk M., 2008. Effect of rumen protected fat on somatic cell counts of milk in dairy goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 7, 1426- 1429.
  • Chilliard Y., 1993. Dietary fat and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants, pigs, and rodents: A review. J. Dairy Sci., 76, 3897–3931.
  • Douglas GN., Overton TR., Bateman HG., Drackley Peripartal JK., 2004. metabolism and production of Holstein cows fed diets supplemented with fat during the dry period. J. Dairy Sci., 87, 4210–4220.
  • Duske K., Hammon HM., Langhof AK., Bellman O., Losand B., Nürnberg K., Nürnberg G., Sauerwein H., Seyfert HM., Metges CC., 2009. Metabolism and lactation performance in dairy cows fed a diet containing rumen-protected fat during the last twelve weeks of gestation. J. Dairy Sci., 92, 1670-1684.
  • Elliott JP., Drackley JK., Weigel DJ., 1996. Digestibility and effects of hydrogenated palm fatty acid distillate in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 79, 1031–1039.
  • El-Shahat KH., Abo-El Maaty AM., 2010. The effect of dietary supplementation with calcium salts of long chain fatty acids and/or L-carnitine on ovarian activity of Rahmani ewes. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 117, 78-82.
  • Ganjkhanlou M., Rezayazdi K., Ghorbani GR., Denghan Banadaky M., Morraveg H., Yang WZ., 2009. Effects of protected fat supplements on production of early lactation Holstein cows. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 154, 276-283.
  • Görgülü M., Kutlu HR., 2001. Süt sığırcılığında çevre sıcaklığı ve besleme ilişkisi. Çiftçi Tarım ve Hay Derg., 123, 21-28.
  • Haddad SG., Younis HM., 2004. The effect of adding ruminally protected fat in fattening diets on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed. Sci. Tech., 113, 61-69.
  • Jenkins TC., Bertrand JA., Bridges WC., 1998. Interactions of tallow and hay particle size on yield and composition of milk from lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 1396–1402.
  • Junior ACH., Ezequiel JMBE., Galati RL., Gonçalvez JS., Santos VC., Sato RA., 2010. Graos de girassol ou gordura protegida em dietas com alto concentrado e ganho compensatorio de cordeiros em confinamento. R. Bras. Zootec., 39, 563-571.
  • Kapittayanant P., Chasombat J., Suksombat W., Kapittayanant S., 1998. Effects of bypass fat supplementation on the oestrous cycle duration of early lactating cows. 203.158.6.22: 8080/sutir/bitstream/123456789/2181/1/1571 _F.pdf.
  • Khorasani GR., Kennelly JJ., 1998. Effect of added dietary fat on performance, rumen characteris- tics, and plasma metabolites of midlactation dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 81, 2459–2468.
  • Lounglawan P., Chullanandana K., Suksombat W., 2008. The effect of hydrogenated fat or Ca-salt of fatty acids on milk yield, composition and milk fatty acid of dairy cows during mid lactation. Thai J. Agric. Sci., 41, 29-36.
  • McNamara S., Butler T., Ryan DP., Mee JF., Dillon P., O’Mara FP., Butler ST., Anglesey D., Rath M., Murphy JJ., 2003. Effect of offering rumen- protected fat supplements on fertility and performance in spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 79, 45-56.
  • Macrae AI., Penny CD., Hodgson-Jones L., Aitchison K., Burton S., Lawson D., Kirkland R., Grant N., 2008. Effect of feeding protected fat on dairy cow productivity and fertility. Br Soc Anim Sci, http://www.bsas.org.uk/downloads/annlproc/ Pdf2008/pdf2008.pdf.
  • Mu Y., 2002. Rumen protected fat. Feed Inter., 23, 28-31.
  • Naik PK., Saijpaul S., Rani N., 2009. Effect of ruminally protected fat on in vitro fermen- tation and apparent nutrient digestibility in buffaloes. Anim Feed Sci Tech., 153, 68–76.
  • Naik PK., Saijpaul S., Kaur K., 2010. Effect of supplementation of indigenously prepared rumen protected fat on rumen fermentation in buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80 (9), 902-905.
  • Onal AG., Robinson, JJ., Staines ME., Speake BK., Hutchinson JSM., King ME., Kuran M., Gebbie FE., McEwoy TG., 1999. Protected fat and donor age effects on plasma total lipid level, plasma progesterone concentration, embriyo yield and quality following superovulation in the sheep. Br Soc Anim Sci, http://www. bsas.org.uk/downloads/annlproc/pdf99/prog9 9.pdf.
  • Onetti SG., Shaver RD., McGuire MA., 2001. Effect of type and level of dietary fat on rumen fermentation and performance of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. J. Dairy Sci., 84, 2751–2759.
  • Özdemir N., Denkbaş EB., 2003. Hayat veren yağlar: Omega yağları. Bilim ve Teknik Derg, 78-80.
  • Perez CA., Ku Vera J., Garnsworthy PC., 2009. Effects of bypass fat on energy balance, milk production and reproduction in grazing crossbred cows in the tropics. Livestock Sci., 121, 64-71.
  • Polidori F., Sgoifo Rossi CA., Senatore EM., Savoni G., Dellorto V., 1997. Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin and calcium salts of long chain fatty acids on milk from Italian buffalo. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 2137–42.
  • Robinson JJ., 1996. Nutrition and reproduction. Anim Reprod Sci., 42, 25-36.
  • Schingoethe DJ., Casper DP., 1991. Total lactational response to added fat during early lactation. J Dairy Sci., 74, 2617–2622.
  • Sirohi SK., Walli TK., Mohanta RK., 2010. Supplementation effect of bypass fat on production performance of lactating crossbred cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80, 733-736.
  • Spicer LJ., Verron RK., Tucker RP., Wettemann RP., Adams GD., 1993. Effects of protected fat on plasma concentrations of cholesterol and progesterone in lactating dairy cows. Oklahoma State University Animal Science Research Report, 175-178. Thakur SS., Shelke SK., 2010. Effect of supplementing bypass fat prepared from soybean acid oil on milk yield and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffaloes. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 80, 354-357.
  • Thatcher WW., Stables CR., Danet-Desnoyers G., Oldick B., Schmitt EP., 1994. Embryo health and mortality in sheep and cattle, J. Dairy Sci., 72, 16-30.
  • Türkmen İİ., 2010. Süt sığırı rasyonlarına yağ katılmalı mı? Tüsedad Derg., Mart-Nisan sayısı, 19.
  • Tyagi N., Thakur SS., Shelke SK., 2010. Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive and reproductive performance in crossbred cows. Trop Anim Health Prod., Jun, 2010.
  • Voigt J., Kuhla S., Gaafar K., Derno M., Hagemeister H., 2006. Digestibility of rumen protected fat in cattle. Slovak J. Anim. Sci., 39, 16-19.
  • Weigel DJ., Elliot JP., Clark JH., 1997. Effects of amount and ruminal degradability of protein on nutrient digestibility and production by cows fed tallow. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 1150–1159.
  • West JW., Hill GM., 1990. Effect of a protected fat product on productivity of lactating Holstein and Jersey cows. J Dairy Sci., 73, 3200-3207.
  • Yavuz HM., Biricik H., 2009. Süt sığırlarının sıcak stresinde beslenmesi. Uludağ Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 28, 1-7.
  • Yildiz S., Güven B., Blache D., Uzun M., Celebi F., Kaya M., Cenesiz M., Baykal A., 2001. Effects of diets aimed at changing body composition between 3 and 11 months after birth on body weight, condition score and leptin concentrations of pre-pubertal fat-tailed Tuj lambs. European Society of Anim Reprod, Summer meeting, 13-15 September, Vienna.
  • Yıldız S., Uzun M., Çelebi F., Çolak A., Güven B., 2002. Effects of prepubertal nutrition on Birth ratio of Tuj ewe-lambs induced to ovulate in the first breeding season. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 8, 59-62.
  • Yilmaz A., Corduk M., Toprak NN., Pulatsu S., 2009. Effects of the supplemental protected fat to concentrate feed on performance and some milk parameters in dairy goats. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 8, 2143-2146.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Tugay Ayaşan

Emel Karakozak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Nisan 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ayaşan, T., & Karakozak, E. (2011). Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 85-94.
AMA Ayaşan T, Karakozak E. Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. Nisan 2011;6(1):85-94.
Chicago Ayaşan, Tugay, ve Emel Karakozak. “Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Nisan 2011): 85-94.
EndNote Ayaşan T, Karakozak E (01 Nisan 2011) Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 6 1 85–94.
IEEE T. Ayaşan ve E. Karakozak, “Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 85–94, 2011.
ISNAD Ayaşan, Tugay - Karakozak, Emel. “Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 6/1 (Nisan 2011), 85-94.
JAMA Ayaşan T, Karakozak E. Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;6:85–94.
MLA Ayaşan, Tugay ve Emel Karakozak. “Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 85-94.
Vancouver Ayaşan T, Karakozak E. Korunmuş Yağların Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2011;6(1):85-94.