Öz
Numerous factors affect the progress of sperm cells in the female genital tract. These factors generally can be classified as mechanic, cellular, hormonal, and chemical factors. Fertilisation occurs as a result of a series of complex cellular and molecular reactions. Spermatozoa having the ability to move forward are transported by their own movements and by contractions of the female genital tract in the fertilisation process after being transferred thorough the female genital tract. Secretion of oxytocin from the posterior lobe of the pituitary and effectuate powerful contractions of prostaglandins in semen on the muscles of female genital tract play an important role in the sperm transport. After ejaculation, spermatozoa are coated with proteins, as secreted by male accessory glands. In bulls, these proteins consist of cattle seminal plasma proteins such as PDC-109 (BSP-A1/-A2), BSP-A3 and the BSP-30-kDa. The PDC-109 plays a role in the formation of sperm reserves in the oviduct by connecting the sperm cells to the oviduct epithelium. Investigation of these factors affecting the fertilisation possesses great importance
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akyol N., 2005. Sığırlarda in vivo ve in vitro fertilizasyon. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 45, 53-61.
- Austin CR., Short RV., 1976. Fertpflanzungs_biologie der Säugetiere. Verlag Paul Parey Berlin, Hamburg.
- Bahat A., Caplan SR., Eisenbach M., 2012. Thermotaxis of human sperm cells in extraordinarily shallow temperature gradients over a wide range. PLoS ONE, 7, p. e41915.
- Çevik M., Tuncer PB., 2005. Evcil hayvanlarda seminal plazmanın fiziko-kimyasal yapısı ve üreme fonksiyonları Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 45, 63-72. etkileri.
- Çoyan K., 2005. İneklerde Suni Tohumlama El Kitabı, 73-75, Konya.
- El-Banna AA., Hafez ESE., 1972. The uterine cervix in mammals. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 77, 145–164.
- Fléchon JE., Harrison RAP., Fléchon B., Escaig J., 1986. Membrane fusion events in the Ca2+/ ionophore- induced acrosome reaction of ram spermatozoa. Journal of Cell Science, 81, 43-63.
- Gündoğan M., Uçar M., 2003. Sperma ile uterus etkileşimi. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 13, 67- 71.
- Hafez ESE., 1979. In vivo and in vitro sperm penetration in cervical mucus. Acta Europaea fertilitatis, 10, 41-9.
- Hawk HW., 1983. Sperm survival and transport in the female reproductive tract. Journal of Dairy Science, 66, 2645-60.
- Hawk HW., 1987. Transport and fate of spermatozoa after insemination of cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 70, 1487-503.
- Hunter RHF., 1995. Ovarian endocrine control of sperm progression in the Fallopian tubes. Oxford reviews of reproductive biology, 17, 85– 125.
- İleri K., Ak K., Pabuccuoğlu S., Birler S., 2002. Evcil Hayvanlarda Reprodüksiyon ve Suni Tohumlama. Ders Notu No, 133, İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayını, İstanbul.
- Kendall NR., McMullen S., Gren A., Rodway RG., 2000. The effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on trace element status and semen quality of ram lambs. Animal Reproduction Science, 62, 277-283.
- López-Gatius F., Rutllant J., López-Béjar M., Labernia J., 1994. Sperm motion and rheological behavior of the vaginal fluid of superovulated dairy heifers. Theriogenology, 41, 1523–1531.
- Massanyi P., Trandzik J., Nad P., 2004. Concentration of copper, iron, zinc, cadmium, lead, and nickel in bull and ram semen and relation to the occurrence Journal of Environmental Science and Health; spermatozoa. Part Substancesand Environmental Engineering, A39, 3005-3014. Toxic/Hazardous
- Miki K., Clapham DE., 2013. Rheotaxis Guides Mammalian Sperm. Current Biology, 23, 443-452.
- Odeblad E., 1968. The functional structure of human cervical mucus. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 47, 57–79.
- Parrish JJ., Susko-Parrish JL., Handrow RR., Sims MM., First NL., 1989. Capacitation of bovine spermatozoa by oviduct fluid. Biology of Reproduction, 40, 1020-1025.
- Rutllant J., López-Gatius F., Camón J., Lopez-Bejar M., Lopez-Plana C., 1999. A structural study of the bovine vaginal fluid at estrus. Scanning, 21, 204– 211.
- Rutllant J., Lopez-Bejar M., Santolaria P., Yaniz J., Lopez-Gatius F., ultrastructural properties of bovine vaginal fluid Rheological and obtained at oestrus. Journal of Anatomy, 201, 53- 60.
- Rutllant J., Lopez-Bejar M., Lopez-Gatius F., 2005. Ultrastructural and rheological properties of bovine vaginal fluid and its relation to sperm motility
- fertilization: and a Review.
- Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 40, 79-86.
- Senger PL., 1999. Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturititon. 1st revised ed., The Mack Printing Group-Science Press, Ephrata, PA.
- Suarez SS., Brockman K., Lefebvre R., 1997. Distribution of mucus and sperm in bovine oviducts after artificial insemination: The physical environment of the oviductal sperm reservoir. Biology of Reproduction, 56, 447-453.
- Suarez SS., 2006. Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction. 3rd ed., 113–145, Elsevier, St. Louis.
- Yanagimachi R., Usui N., 1974. Calcium dependence of the acrosome reaction and activation of guinea pig spermatozoa. In “Diss. Vet. Med.”, Ed., Vitt U., Freien Universität, Berlin.
Öz
Dişi genital kanalda sperm hücrelerinin ilerlemesini çok sayıda faktör etkiler. Bu faktörler genel olarak mekanik, hücresel, hormonal, kimyasal faktörler şeklinde sınıflandırılabilir. Fertilizasyon başlı başına bir dizi kompleks hücresel ve moleküler reaksiyonlar zinciri sonucunda şekillenir. İleri yönde hareket etme kabiliyetine sahip spermatozoonlar dişi genital kanala aktarıldıktan sonra fertilizasyona kadar geçirdiği süreçte kendi hareketleri ve dişi genital kanalın kontraksiyonlarıyla taşınmaktadırlar. Hipofiz arka lobundan oksitosin hormonunun salgılanması ve sperma içerisinde bulunan prostaglandinlerin dişi genital kanal kaslarında güçlü kontraksiyonlar meydana getirmesi de spermatozoonların taşınmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Ejakulasyon sonrasında, spermatozoonlar erkek eklenti bezleri tarafından salgılanan proteinlerle kaplanmış durumdadır. Boğada, bu proteinler PDC-109 (BSP-A1/-A2), BSP-A3 ve BSP-30-kDa gibi sığır seminal plazma proteinlerinden oluşmaktadır. PDC-109 sperm hücrelerini ovidukt epitelyumuna bağlayarak oviduktta sperm rezervinin şekillenmesinde rol oynamaktadır. Fertilizasyonu doğrudan etkileyen bu faktörlerin irdelenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akyol N., 2005. Sığırlarda in vivo ve in vitro fertilizasyon. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 45, 53-61.
- Austin CR., Short RV., 1976. Fertpflanzungs_biologie der Säugetiere. Verlag Paul Parey Berlin, Hamburg.
- Bahat A., Caplan SR., Eisenbach M., 2012. Thermotaxis of human sperm cells in extraordinarily shallow temperature gradients over a wide range. PLoS ONE, 7, p. e41915.
- Çevik M., Tuncer PB., 2005. Evcil hayvanlarda seminal plazmanın fiziko-kimyasal yapısı ve üreme fonksiyonları Lalahan Hayvancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 45, 63-72. etkileri.
- Çoyan K., 2005. İneklerde Suni Tohumlama El Kitabı, 73-75, Konya.
- El-Banna AA., Hafez ESE., 1972. The uterine cervix in mammals. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 77, 145–164.
- Fléchon JE., Harrison RAP., Fléchon B., Escaig J., 1986. Membrane fusion events in the Ca2+/ ionophore- induced acrosome reaction of ram spermatozoa. Journal of Cell Science, 81, 43-63.
- Gündoğan M., Uçar M., 2003. Sperma ile uterus etkileşimi. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi, 13, 67- 71.
- Hafez ESE., 1979. In vivo and in vitro sperm penetration in cervical mucus. Acta Europaea fertilitatis, 10, 41-9.
- Hawk HW., 1983. Sperm survival and transport in the female reproductive tract. Journal of Dairy Science, 66, 2645-60.
- Hawk HW., 1987. Transport and fate of spermatozoa after insemination of cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 70, 1487-503.
- Hunter RHF., 1995. Ovarian endocrine control of sperm progression in the Fallopian tubes. Oxford reviews of reproductive biology, 17, 85– 125.
- İleri K., Ak K., Pabuccuoğlu S., Birler S., 2002. Evcil Hayvanlarda Reprodüksiyon ve Suni Tohumlama. Ders Notu No, 133, İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayını, İstanbul.
- Kendall NR., McMullen S., Gren A., Rodway RG., 2000. The effect of a zinc, cobalt and selenium soluble glass bolus on trace element status and semen quality of ram lambs. Animal Reproduction Science, 62, 277-283.
- López-Gatius F., Rutllant J., López-Béjar M., Labernia J., 1994. Sperm motion and rheological behavior of the vaginal fluid of superovulated dairy heifers. Theriogenology, 41, 1523–1531.
- Massanyi P., Trandzik J., Nad P., 2004. Concentration of copper, iron, zinc, cadmium, lead, and nickel in bull and ram semen and relation to the occurrence Journal of Environmental Science and Health; spermatozoa. Part Substancesand Environmental Engineering, A39, 3005-3014. Toxic/Hazardous
- Miki K., Clapham DE., 2013. Rheotaxis Guides Mammalian Sperm. Current Biology, 23, 443-452.
- Odeblad E., 1968. The functional structure of human cervical mucus. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 47, 57–79.
- Parrish JJ., Susko-Parrish JL., Handrow RR., Sims MM., First NL., 1989. Capacitation of bovine spermatozoa by oviduct fluid. Biology of Reproduction, 40, 1020-1025.
- Rutllant J., López-Gatius F., Camón J., Lopez-Bejar M., Lopez-Plana C., 1999. A structural study of the bovine vaginal fluid at estrus. Scanning, 21, 204– 211.
- Rutllant J., Lopez-Bejar M., Santolaria P., Yaniz J., Lopez-Gatius F., ultrastructural properties of bovine vaginal fluid Rheological and obtained at oestrus. Journal of Anatomy, 201, 53- 60.
- Rutllant J., Lopez-Bejar M., Lopez-Gatius F., 2005. Ultrastructural and rheological properties of bovine vaginal fluid and its relation to sperm motility
- fertilization: and a Review.
- Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 40, 79-86.
- Senger PL., 1999. Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturititon. 1st revised ed., The Mack Printing Group-Science Press, Ephrata, PA.
- Suarez SS., Brockman K., Lefebvre R., 1997. Distribution of mucus and sperm in bovine oviducts after artificial insemination: The physical environment of the oviductal sperm reservoir. Biology of Reproduction, 56, 447-453.
- Suarez SS., 2006. Knobil and Neill’s Physiology of Reproduction. 3rd ed., 113–145, Elsevier, St. Louis.
- Yanagimachi R., Usui N., 1974. Calcium dependence of the acrosome reaction and activation of guinea pig spermatozoa. In “Diss. Vet. Med.”, Ed., Vitt U., Freien Universität, Berlin.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Aralık 2014 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2014 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3 |
