Öz
Süt verimine yönelik yetiştirilen ineklerde dışkının karakteri ile kıvamı, sindirim sağlığı ve beslenme programlarının etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesinin yanı sıra hastalıkların takibinde kullanılabilmektedir. Sütçü işletmelerde yem değişiklikleri yapılırken dışkıda meydana gelen değişimleri rehber olarak kullanmaktadır. Taze ve işlem görmeyen dışkı kümeleri beslenme ile ilişkili değerli ipuçları vermektedir. Bu çalışmada İzmir Tire ilçesi Damızlık Birliğine ait özel 50 başlık bir Fleckvieh çiftliğinde bulunan laktasyonun farklı dönemlerindeki ineklerde dışkı skorlarına ait veriler değerlendirildi. Bu amaçla önceden tanımlanmış 1 ile 5 puan arası dışkı skorlama (değerlendirme) skalası kullanıldı. Dışkı skorlamaları aynı araştırmacı tarafından gerçekleştirildi. İşletmede bulunan hayvanlar laktasyon dönemlerine göre 4 farklı gruba ayrılarak belirtilen karşılaştırmalar yapıldı. Farklı laktasyon dönemindeki Fleckvieh popülasyonunda dışkı skorlarının dağılımı irdelendiğinde erken ve geç laktasyon dönemleri arasında (P<0.05), ilaveten geç laktasyon dönemi ile yakın kuru dönemler arasında (P<0.05) belirgin farklar belirlendi. Sonuç olarak laktasyonun farklı dönemlerinde sağlık durumunun takibinde dışkı skorlarının belirlenmesinin önemli olduğu, muhtemelen de bağırsak biyo çeşitliliğine yönelik araştırmalara yön verebileceği söylenebilir. Dışkı skorlarındaki farklılıklara göre bağırsak mikrobiyatasındaki değişikliklerin değerlendirildiği ileride yapılacak olan araştırmalara ışık tutacak sonuçlara ulaşıldı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Ireland-Perry RL., Stallings CC., 1993. Fecal consistency as related to dietary composition in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci, 76, 1074-1082. 2. Lean IJ., Golder HM., Hall MB., 2014. Feeding, evaluating and controlling rumen function. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 30, 539-575. 3. Mgbeahuruike AC., 2007. Fecal characteristics and production of dairy cows in early lactation. MSc Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden 4. Melendez P., Roy E., 2016. The association between total mixed ration particle size and fecal scores in Holstein lactating dairy cows from Florida, USA. AJAMA 11, 33-40. 5. Ortlek O., Erdogan H., Ural DA., Erdogan S., Ural K., 2018. Subakut ruminal asidozisli sığırlarda rumen pH’sı ile dışkı skoru arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Vet J Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 3, 130-134. 6. Danscher AM., Li S., Andersen PH., Khafipour E., Kristensen NB., Plaizier JC., 2015. Indicators of induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in Danish Holstein cows. Acta Vet Scan, 57, 39. 7. Kazemi-Bonchenari M., Salem AZM., Lopez S., 2017. Influence of barley grain particle size and treatment with citric acid on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein calves. Animal, 11, 1295-1302. 8. Flack S., 2016. The art and science of grazing: how grass farmers can create sustainable systems for healthy animals and farm ecosystems. 1th ed., 123-125, Chelsea Green Publishing, UK. 9. Abdela N., 2016. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and its consequence in dairy cattle: A review of past and recent research at global prospective. Achiev Life Sci, 10, 187-196. 10. Leiber F., Ivemeyer S., Perler E., Krenmayr I., Mayer P., Walkenhorst M., 2015. Determination of faeces particle proportions as a tool for the evaluation of the influence of feeding strategies on fibre digestion in dairy cows. J Anim Plant Sci, 25, 153-159. 11. Weaver SR., Prichard AP., Endres EL., Newhouse SA., Peters TL., Crump PM., Hernandez LL., 2016. Elevation of circulating serotonin improves calcium dynamics in the peripartum dairy cow. J Endocrinol, 230, 105-123. 12. Righi F., Simoni M., Malacarne M., Summer A., Costantini E., Quarantelli A., 2016. Feeding a free choice energetic mineral-vitamin supplement to dry and transition cows: effects on health and early lactation performance. Large Anim Rev, 22, 161-170. 13. Schmitz R., Schnabel K., von Soosten D., Meyer U., Spiekers H., Rehage J., Danicke S., 2018. The effects of energy concentration in roughage and allowance of concentrates on performance, health and energy efficiency of pluriparous dairy cows during early lactation. Arch Anim Nutr, 72, 100-120. 14. Varga GA., 2003. Can manure evaluation diagnose areas for improvement in ration formulation, management and health. In: Djurhälso och Utfodringskonferens. 33-36.19-21. 15. Baath Jacobsson S., 2005. Ruminal degradation profile of fibre in whole crop cereals – effects of plant species, stage of maturity and methodology. Student report 29. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Environment and Health, Section of Production Systems. Skara, Sweden. 16. Quirke J., Rath M., Caffrey PJ., O’Mara FP., 2002. Intake, digestibility, milk production and kinetics of digestion and passage for diets based on maize or grass silage fed to late lactation dairy cows. Livestock Product Sci, 74, 113-124. 17. Hartnell GF., Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg MR., 2005. Nutrient digestibility in sheep fed diets containing Roundup Ready or conventional fodder beet, sugar beet and beet pulp. J Anim Sci, 83, 400-407. 18. Mara FP., Coyle JE., Drennan MJ., Young P., Caffrey PJ., 1999. A comparison of digestibility of some concentrate feed ingredients in cattle and sheep. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 81, 167-174. 19. Micard V., Thibault JF., 1999. Oxidative gelation of sugar- beet pectins: use of laccases and hydration properties of cross-linked pectins. Carbohydr Polym, 39, 265-273. 20. Witzig M., Lengowski MB., Zuber KH., Möhring J., Rodehutscord M., 2018. Effects of supplementing corn silage with different nitrogen sources on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. Anaerobe, 51, 99-109.
Öz
Dairy cattle fecal characteristics and consistency has been used for evaluating of digestive health and feeding programs along with following of disease. Livestock managers use the changes in the stool as a guide when making feed changes. Fresh and untreated stool clumps give clues related to nutrition. In the present study, fecal score results of cattle at different lactation periods, Fleckvieh farms included 50 cattle located in İzmir, Tire Province were surveyed. For this purpose, 1 to 5 points pre-defined fecal scoring scales were used. Fecal scores were detected by the same researcher. The animals in the farm were divided into 4 different groups according to the lactation periods and comparisons were made. Fecal scores distribution of the Fleckvieh cattle between the early and late lactation periods (P<0.05), with late and dry lactation periods (P<0.05) were found significantly different. In conclusion, it might be stated that determined of fecal scoring at different lactation periods to following health status may be important and may lead to future researchs related to probably intestinal biodiversity. According to the differences in fecal scores, reached results will shed light on future research estimating changes in intestinal microbiality.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Ireland-Perry RL., Stallings CC., 1993. Fecal consistency as related to dietary composition in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci, 76, 1074-1082. 2. Lean IJ., Golder HM., Hall MB., 2014. Feeding, evaluating and controlling rumen function. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 30, 539-575. 3. Mgbeahuruike AC., 2007. Fecal characteristics and production of dairy cows in early lactation. MSc Thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden 4. Melendez P., Roy E., 2016. The association between total mixed ration particle size and fecal scores in Holstein lactating dairy cows from Florida, USA. AJAMA 11, 33-40. 5. Ortlek O., Erdogan H., Ural DA., Erdogan S., Ural K., 2018. Subakut ruminal asidozisli sığırlarda rumen pH’sı ile dışkı skoru arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Vet J Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 3, 130-134. 6. Danscher AM., Li S., Andersen PH., Khafipour E., Kristensen NB., Plaizier JC., 2015. Indicators of induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in Danish Holstein cows. Acta Vet Scan, 57, 39. 7. Kazemi-Bonchenari M., Salem AZM., Lopez S., 2017. Influence of barley grain particle size and treatment with citric acid on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein calves. Animal, 11, 1295-1302. 8. Flack S., 2016. The art and science of grazing: how grass farmers can create sustainable systems for healthy animals and farm ecosystems. 1th ed., 123-125, Chelsea Green Publishing, UK. 9. Abdela N., 2016. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and its consequence in dairy cattle: A review of past and recent research at global prospective. Achiev Life Sci, 10, 187-196. 10. Leiber F., Ivemeyer S., Perler E., Krenmayr I., Mayer P., Walkenhorst M., 2015. Determination of faeces particle proportions as a tool for the evaluation of the influence of feeding strategies on fibre digestion in dairy cows. J Anim Plant Sci, 25, 153-159. 11. Weaver SR., Prichard AP., Endres EL., Newhouse SA., Peters TL., Crump PM., Hernandez LL., 2016. Elevation of circulating serotonin improves calcium dynamics in the peripartum dairy cow. J Endocrinol, 230, 105-123. 12. Righi F., Simoni M., Malacarne M., Summer A., Costantini E., Quarantelli A., 2016. Feeding a free choice energetic mineral-vitamin supplement to dry and transition cows: effects on health and early lactation performance. Large Anim Rev, 22, 161-170. 13. Schmitz R., Schnabel K., von Soosten D., Meyer U., Spiekers H., Rehage J., Danicke S., 2018. The effects of energy concentration in roughage and allowance of concentrates on performance, health and energy efficiency of pluriparous dairy cows during early lactation. Arch Anim Nutr, 72, 100-120. 14. Varga GA., 2003. Can manure evaluation diagnose areas for improvement in ration formulation, management and health. In: Djurhälso och Utfodringskonferens. 33-36.19-21. 15. Baath Jacobsson S., 2005. Ruminal degradation profile of fibre in whole crop cereals – effects of plant species, stage of maturity and methodology. Student report 29. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Environment and Health, Section of Production Systems. Skara, Sweden. 16. Quirke J., Rath M., Caffrey PJ., O’Mara FP., 2002. Intake, digestibility, milk production and kinetics of digestion and passage for diets based on maize or grass silage fed to late lactation dairy cows. Livestock Product Sci, 74, 113-124. 17. Hartnell GF., Hvelplund T., Weisbjerg MR., 2005. Nutrient digestibility in sheep fed diets containing Roundup Ready or conventional fodder beet, sugar beet and beet pulp. J Anim Sci, 83, 400-407. 18. Mara FP., Coyle JE., Drennan MJ., Young P., Caffrey PJ., 1999. A comparison of digestibility of some concentrate feed ingredients in cattle and sheep. Anim Feed Sci Tech, 81, 167-174. 19. Micard V., Thibault JF., 1999. Oxidative gelation of sugar- beet pectins: use of laccases and hydration properties of cross-linked pectins. Carbohydr Polym, 39, 265-273. 20. Witzig M., Lengowski MB., Zuber KH., Möhring J., Rodehutscord M., 2018. Effects of supplementing corn silage with different nitrogen sources on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. Anaerobe, 51, 99-109.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Ekim 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2 |