İran'ın Kuzeybatısında Kesilen Büyükbaş Hayvanlarda Ayak Lezyonlarının Görülme Sıklığı

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1, 7 - 13, 30.04.2020

Farid Mahd-gharehbagh Siamak Kazemi-darabadi , Hamid Akbari

https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.639470

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı İran'ın kuzeybatısında kesilen sığırlarda ayak lezyonlarının yaygınlığını belirlemekti. Bu çalışma 2018-19 dört mevsiminde kesilmiş sığırların alt ekstremitelerinde gerçekleştirildi. 400 büyükbaş hayvanın ayakları lezyonları ayırt etmek için çeşitli bölgelere ayrıldı. Lezyonlarla cinsiyet ve mevsim arasındaki ilişki ki-kare yöntemi ile değerlendirildi ve sonuçlar yüzde olarak sunuldu. P<0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi. Lezyonlarla cinsiyet ve mevsim arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı idi (P<0.01). Sığırların %61.5'inde lezyonlar gözlendi ve %78.5'i erkekti. Lezyonlar sonbahar ve kış aylarında daha sıktı (%35.4). Toplam lezyonların %27'si ön ayaklar, %73'ü arka ayaklar ile ilişkiliydi. Ekstremitelerde en sık görülen lezyonlar çift taban ve subklinik laminit olup bunu taban, ayak ve ökçe ülserleri, beyaz çizgi hastalığı, toynak çatlakları, interdigital hiperplazi ve interdigital nekrobasilloz izledi. Kuzeybatı İran'da kesilen sığırların yüksek bir yüzdesi özellikle sonbahar ve kış aylarında ayaklarında en az bir lezyon bulundurduklarından, predispozan faktörleri ortadan kaldırmak ve hayvan sağlığını iyileştirmek için sürülerin uygun şekilde yönetilmesi gerektiği görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ayak Lezyonları, İran, Prevalans, Sığır, Tırnak

Prevalence of Foot Lesions Among the Slaughtered Cattle in the Northwest of Iran

Öz

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of foot lesions in cattle slaughtered in the northwest of Iran. This study was performed on lower limbs of slaughtered cattle in four seasons of 2018-19. The feet of 400 cattle were divided into various zones to differentiate the lesions. The associations between gender and season with the lesions were assessed using the chi-square method and the results were presented as a percentage. P<0.05 was considered significant. The association between gender and season with the lesions was statistically significant (P<0.01). Lesions were observed in 61.5% of cattle and 78.5% of them were male. The lesions were more prevalent in autumn and winter (35.4%). 27% of total lesions were related to the forelimbs and 73% of them were related to the hindlimbs. Double sole and subclinical laminitis were the most frequent lesions of the limbs followed by sole, toe, and heel ulcers, white line disease, hoof cracks, interdigital hyperplasia, and interdigital necrobacillosis. Since a high percentage of slaughtered cattle in northwest Iran had at least one lesion in their feet, especially in the autumn and winter, it seems that proper management of herds is necessary to eliminate predisposing factors and improve livestock health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cattle, Foot lesions, Hoof, Iran, Prevalence

Kaynakça

• 1. Newcomer BW., Chamorro MF., 2016. Distribution of lameness lesions in beef cattle: A retrospective analysis of 745 cases. Can Vet J, 57, 401-406. 2. Ozsvari L., 2017. Economic cost of lameness in dairy cattle herds. J Dairy Vet Anim Res, 6, 00176. 3. Gündemir O., Özkan E., Mutuş R., 2020. Morphometric study on the digital bones in the domestic cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 26, 75-82. 4. Costa JH., Burnett TA., von Keyserlingk MA., Hötzel MJ., 2018. Prevalence of lameness and leg lesions of lactating dairy cows housed in southern Brazil: effects of housing systems. J Dairy Sci, 101, 2395-2405. 5. Cutler JH., Rushen J., de Passille AM., Gibbons J., Orsel K., Pajor E., Barkema HW., Solano L., Pellerin D., Haley D., Vasseur E., 2017. Producer estimates of prevalence and perceived importance of lameness in dairy herds with tiestalls, freestalls, and automated milking systems. J Dairy Sci, 100, 9871-9880. 6. Sjöström K., Fall N., Blanco-Penedo I., Duval JE., Krieger M., Emanuelson U., 2018. Lameness prevalence and risk factors in organic dairy herds in four European countries. Livest Sci, 208, 44-50. 7. Azizi Mahmoudjig S., Dalir Naghadeh B., Ahmadian K., 2005. Clinical study of lameness associated with digital diseases in dairy cows in Urmia. J Fac Vet Med Univ Tehran, 60, 241-246. 8. Mohamadnia AR., Mohamaddoust M., Shams N., Kheir, S., Sharifi S., 2008. Study on the prevalence of dairy cattle lameness and its effects of production indices in Iran. A locomotion scoring base study. Pak J Biol Sci, 11, 1047-1050. 9. Mohammadnia AR., Kheiri S., Mohammaddoust M., Kabiri J., 2007. Study on distribution of dairy cattle hoof lesions and its relation to locomotion scoring. Iran J Vet Surg, 2, 22-30. 10. Clarkson MJ., Downham DY., Faull WB., Hughes JW., Manson FJ., Merrit JD., Murray RD., Russell WB., Sutherst JE., Ward WR., 1993. An epidemiological study to determine the risk factors of lameness in dairy cows. The Liverpool Report of the UK Ministry of Agriculture, 11. Sogstad AM., Fjeldaas T., Osteras O., Forshell KP., 2005. Prevalence of claw lesions in Norwegian dairy cattle housed in tie stalls and free stalls. Prev Vet Med, 70, 191-209. 12. Somers JGCJ., Frankena K., Noordhuizen-Stassen EN., Metz JHM., 2003. Prevalence of claw disorders in Dutch dairy cows exposed to several floor systems. J Dairy Sci, 86, 2082-2093. 13. Statistical Center of Iran, 2016. Statistics of animal slaughter in slaughterhouses of the country, Tehran, Statistical Center of Iran. 14. Solano L., Barkema HW., Mason S., Pajor EA., Leblanc SJ., Orsel K., 2016. Prevalence and distribution of foot lesions in dairy cattle in Alberta, Canada. J Dairy Sci, 99, 6828-6841. 15. Madadzadeh T., Nouri M., Noweouzian I., 2013. Breed and season effects on the claw lesions of dairy cows in Ardebil, Iran. Anim Vet Sci, 1, 46-50. 16. Bahonar A., Sharifi H., Bokaie S., Vodjgani M., Rahimi Foroushani A., Haghdoost AA., 2009. Modeling the effect of lameness on culling of dairy cows in Tehran Province. Iran J Vet Surg, 4, 37-44. 17. Vial F., Scharrer S., Reist M., 2015. Risk factors for whole carcass condemnations in the Swiss slaughter cattle population. PloS One, 10, e0122717. 18. Mandel R., Whay HR., Klement E., Nicol CJ., 2016. Invited review: Environmental enrichment of dairy cows and calves in indoor housing. J Dairy Sci, 99, 1695-1715. 19. Vagef R., Mahmoudi R., 2013. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk produced in west region of Iran (during summer and winter). Int Food Res J, 20, 1421-1425. 20. Wilhelm K., Wilhelm J., Fürll M., 2015. Use of thermography to monitor sole haemorrhages and temperature distribution over the claws of dairy cattle. Vet Rec, 176, 146. 21. Pilachai R., Schonewille JT., Thamrongyoswittayakul C., Aiumlamai S., Wachirapakorn C., Everts H., Hendriks WH., 2013. Diet factors and subclinical laminitis score in lactating cows of smallholder dairy farms in Thailand. Livest Sci, 155, 197-204. 22. O’Driscoll K., McCabe M., Earley B., 2015. Differences in leukocyte profile, gene expression, and metabolite status of dairy cows with or without sole ulcers. J Dairy Sci, 98, 1685-1695. 23. Nowrouzian I., Nouri M., 2009. Thin sole as a cause of sole hemorrhages: Study on a herd level. Vet Res Pajouhesh va Sazandegi, 82, 31-37. 24. Nouri M., Nowrouzian I., Vajhi A., Marjanmehr SH., Faskhoudi, D., 2011. Morphometric radiographic findings of the digital region in culling lame cows. Asian J Anim Sci, 5, 256-267. 25. Barker ZE., Amory JR., Wright JL., Mason SA., Blowey RW., Green LE., 2009. Risk factors for increased rates of sole ulcers, white line disease, and digital dermatitis in dairy cattle from twenty-seven farms in England and Wales. J Dairy Sci, 92, 1971-1978. 26. Sulayeman M., Fromsa A., 2012. Lameness in dairy cattle: Prevalence, risk factors and impact on milk production. Glob Vet, 8, 1-7. 27. Oberbauer AM., Berry SL., Belanger JM., McGoldrick RM., Pinos-Rodriquez JM., Famula TR., 2013. Determining the heritable component of dairy cattle foot lesions. J Dairy Sci, 96, 605-613. 28. Kontturi M., Kujala M., Junni R., Malinen E., Seuna E., Pelkonen S., Soveri T., Simojoki H., 2017. Survey of interdigital phlegmon outbreaks and their risk factors in free stall dairy herds in Finland. Acta Vet Scand, 59, 46. 29. Greenough PR., 2001. Sand cracks, horizontal fissures, and other conditions affecting the wall of the bovine claw. Vet Clin N Am-Food A, 17, 93-110. 30. Nouri M., Ashrafi Helan J., 2012. Clinical and gross pathologic findings of complicated vertical fissures with digital dermatitis in a dairy herd. Vet Res Forum, 3, 291-295.