Irak'ın Nineveh Vilayetinde Köpek Kardiyak Dirofilariosis Prevalansı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 31 - 34, 29.04.2022

Maab Ibrahim Al-farwachi Haneen Badran Al-melachi

Öz

Kanin kardiyak dirofilariosis, Dirofilaria immitis'in neden olduğu parazitik zoonotik bir hastalıktır. Bu araştırma çalışması, Nineveh Vilayeti'nde (kuzeybatı Irak'ta) sokak ve polis köpeklerinde kardiyak dirofilariosisin hem mikrofilaremik (patent enfeksiyonu) hem de occult formlarının (amikrofilaremik form) prevalansını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ekim 2021 - Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında, 1-11 yaş arası (ortalama: 4,5 yaş) çoğu Belçika Malinois ve Alman Çoban ırkı olmak üzere 45 yerel sokak köpeği ve 45 polis köpeği dahil olmak üzere çeşitli ırklardan doksan köpeğin kanı, dolaşımdaki mikrofilaria'yı saptamak için wet mount, kan smearı acridine orange boyaması ve modifiye Knott testi ile mikroskobik olarak incelendi. Tüm numuneler, ayrıca occult kardiyak dirofilaryozlu köpekleri saptamak için ticari bir enzim bağlantılı immün emici tahlil kiti (Heartworm Ag ELISA kiti, Canine, DRG International Inc., ABD) ile test edildi. Toplam 49 örnek mikrofilaria pozitifti ve prevalans değeri %54.4 idi. İncelenen serumun %27.8'inde D.immitis antijenleri tespit edildi ve genel prevalansı %78.9 idi. Sokak köpekleri, Irak'ın Ninova Vilayeti'ndeki polis köpeklerine kıyasla hem mikrofilaremik hem de occult kardiyak dirofilariyoz formları için daha yüksek prevalans gösterdi. Modifiye Knott testi (Altın standart) ile wet mount, kan smearı acridine orange boyaması ve Cohen'in Kappa indeksi kullanılarak Ag ELISA arasındaki uyum, wet mount (0.030) için hafifti ve Ag ELISA (0,462) ve kan smearı acridine orange boyaması için önemliydi (0.607). Bu çalışmanın bulguları, Irak'ın Nineveh Vilayeti'ndeki köpeklerde (hem sokak hem de polis) kardiyak dirofilariosis prevalansı ve paterni için filogenetik bir analiz gerektiren kanıtlar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Köpek, Kardiyak diroflariazis, Diroflaria immitis, yaygınlık

Prevalence of Canine Cardiac Dirofilariasis in Nineveh Governorate of Iraq

Öz

Canine cardiac dirofilariasis is a parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis. This research work is aimed to find out the prevalence of both a microfilaremic (patent infection) and occult forms (amicrofilaremic form) of cardiac dirofilariasis in stray and police dogs of Nineveh governorate (in northwestern Iraq). From October 2021 to January 2022, the blood of ninety dogs of various breeds, including 45 local breeds stray dogs and 45 police dogs, mostly of Belgian Malinois and German Shepherd breeds, with an age range of 1 to 11 years (median: 4.5 years), were examined microscopically by wet mount, acridine orange stained blood smears and modified Knott's test to detect circulating microfilaria. All the samples were further tested by a commercial antigen- enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays kit (Heartworm Ag ELISA kit, Canine, DRG International Inc., USA) in order to detect dogs with occult cardiac dirofilariasis. A total of 49 samples were microfilaria positive, giving a prevalence value of 54.4%. D.immitis antigens were detected in 27.8% of the examined sera, with an overall prevalence of 78.9%. Stray dogs showed a higher prevalence for both microfilaremia and occult forms of cardiac dirofilariasis compared to police dogs in Nineveh Governorate of Iraq. The agreement between the modified Knott's test (Gold standard) and wet mount, acridine orange stained blood smears, and Ag ELISA using Cohen’s Kappa index was light for the wet mount (0.030) and substantial for Ag ELISA(0.462), and acridine orange stained blood smears (0.607). The findings of the present study provide evidence for the prevalence and pattern of canine cardiac dirofilariosis in dogs (both stray and police) in Iraq’s Nineveh Governorate, requiring a phylogenetic analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Canine, cardiac diroflariasis, Diroflaria immitis, prevalance

Kaynakça

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