Ön Sürgünlendirme ve Dikim Zamanlarının Patatesin (Solanum tuberosum L.) Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışma, patatesin bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine ön sürgünlendirme ve dikim zamanlarının etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında Erzurum’da yapılmıştır. Denemede dört farklı önsürgünlendirme (23 Mart, 3 Nisan, 23 Nisan ve Kontrol) üç dikim zamanı (5, 15 ve 25 Mayıs) ve iki çeşit (Binella ve Slaney) bulunmaktadır. Deneme “Şansa Bağlı Tam Bloklar” Deneme Deseninde “Bölünen Bölünmüş Parseller” düzenlemesine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Deneme faktörlerinin ortalamasına göre, yıllar arasında yumru özgül ağırlığı, kuru madde, nişasta, protein oranları ve cips verimliği yönünden istattistiki olarak farklılık olup, cipsin yağ çekme oranı yönünden farklılık olmamıştır. Ön sürgünlendirme zamanlarına göre, en fazla kuru madde, protein, cips oranı ve chipsin yağ çekme oranları 23 Mart uygulamasında, özgül ağırlık ve nişasta oranı ise 3 Nisan’daki uygulamadan tespit edilmiştir. Dikim zamanlarına göre en fazla özgül ağırlık 5 ve 15 Mayıs dikimlerinde, kuru madde ve chipsin yağ çekme oranı 3 Nisan, protein oranı ise 25 Mayıs dikimlerinde belirlenmiştir. Slaney çeşiinin özgül ağırlık, kuru madde, nişasta ve cipsin yağ çekme oranı Binella çeşidine göre yüksek, protein oranı ise düşük bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, ön sürgünlendirme ve dikim zamanları arasında farklılık olmamasına rağmen, yüksek cips verimliliği ve cipsin düşük yağ çekme oranı için ön sürgünlendirme süresi ve dikim zamanları bakımından çeşitler arasında farklılık olduğunu, buna göre incelenen çeşitlerden slaney çeşidinde diğer çeşitlere göre daha uzun süre ön sürgünlendirme ve daha geç dikim yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dikim zamanı
• patates
• ön sürgünlendirme
• kalite

Effects of Pre-Sprouting and Planting Time on Quality Characteristics of Tuber Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Abstract

This study was carried out in Erzurum in 2015 and 2016 to determine the effects of pre-shooting and planting times on some quality characteristics of potatoes. In the experiment, there were four different pre-sprouting (23 March, 3 April, 23 April, and Control), three planting times (5, 15, and 25 May), and two varieties (Binella and Slaney). The experimental design was the “Randomized Complete Blocks Design” in “Split Split Parcel” arranged as three planting times (5th, 15th, and 25th days of May), two varieties (Binella and Slaney), and four pre-shooting times (March 23, April 3, April 13, and Control) with four replications. According to the average of the trial factors, there was a statistical difference between the years in terms of tuber specific weight, dry matter, starch, protein ratios, and chips yield, but there was no difference in terms of chips’ oil absorption rate. According to the pre-shooting times, the highest dry matter, protein, chip ratio, and oil absorption rates of the chips were determined in the application on March 23, while the specific gravity and starch ratio were determined from the application on April 3. According to the planting times, the maximum specific gravity was determined in the 5th and 15th May plantings, the oil absorption rate of the dry matter and chips was determined on the 3rd of April, and the protein ratio was determined in the 25th of May plantings. The specific gravity, dry matter, starch, and oil absorption ratio of chips were higher in Slaney variety, and protein ratio was lower than Binella variety. As a result, although there is no difference between pre-sprouting and planting times, there were differences between cultivars in terms of pre-sprouting time and planting time for high chips productivity and chips efficiency and low oil absorption rate of chips, and accordingly, among the examined cultivars, Slaney cultivar took longer time than the other cultivars. İt has been suggested that a period of pre-sprouting should be required and a later planting should be done.

Keywords

• Planting time
• potato
• pre-sprouting
• quality

Kaynakça

1. Akeley RV, Stevenson FJ & Cunningham CE 1955. Potato Variety Yields, Total Solids and Cooking Quality as Affected by Date of Vine Killing. American Potato Journal 32: 304-313.
2. Anonymous 2017. Turkish State Meteorological Service. Bulletion of Meterological Data.
3. Emilson, B 1950. Infuence of Green Sprouting Seed Potatoes on Yield, K, Landtbr, Akad, Handli, Stock, 89, 315-339.
4. Esendal, E 1990. Starch Sugar Crops and Breeding, Volume, Potatoe, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops Samsun, Turkey.
5. Günel, E 1976. A Research on The Effects of Different Planting and Harvesting Times on Potato Yield, Some Agronomical and Technological Characters in Erzurum Ecological Conditions, Ataturk Univ, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of FieldCrops (Unpublished Phd Theis), Erzurum, Turkey.
6. Ilisulu. K 1986. Starch, Sugar Crops and Breeding. Ankara Univ, Faculty of Agriculture Ankara, Turkey.
7. Kara. K. & S. Ünal 1991. An Investigation of Pre-Shooted and Above Ground Biomas Killed at Different Dates Yield and Yield Component of Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.), Yield of Plant (Solanum tuberosum L.). Ataturk Univ, Institude of Applied Science, Department of Field Crops, Erzurum, Turkey . Kara, K., E. Oztürk & T. Polat 2002. Effect of Different Planting Times and Different Doses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) on Yield and Yield Components. III. National Potato Congr., İzmir, Turkey: pp. 125-135.
8. Kara, K. Z, Kavurmacı. E. Öztürk & T. Polat 2005. The Effects of Different Sowing Methods on Yield and Yield Components of Pre-Dieting Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) on Different Dates. Akdeniz Univ, Journal of Agriculture 182(2):279-284.

9. Koch JRR, Hulme SA & Graven D H 1969. Effect of Planting and Harvesting Times on The Culinary Quality of Three Potato Cultivars, Agroplantac 1: 12-128. Lunden, AP 1944. Experiments on The Planting Date of Potatoes. Norg. Lundruksadep. Asimeld.
10. Lunden, A.P., 1944. (Experiments on the planting date of potatoes 1931-1943;) Norg. Landruksdep. Asrmeld. Nr 129. (Eng. .s). Ozturk, E 2001. Effects of Nitrogenous Fertilizers Applied in Different Forms on Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Master Thesis. Ataturk Univ, Institude of Applied Science, Department of Field Crops, Erzurum, Turkey. Prosba-Bialcyk, U 1989. Effect of Presprrouting of Seed of Seed Tubers Plant Density and Harvest Date on Quality of Tubers. Field Crop Abst., 42 (9).886
11. Şenol, S., 1970. Plant Density and Seed in Erzurum Conditions Yield and Some Other Properties of Potato Weight effect. Ayyıldız Printery, Ankara.
12. Taskıran, A 1988. A Research on The Effect of Different Planting Time and Different Nitrogen Doses on Potato Production (Solanum tuberosum L) Tuber Production and Some Properties in Samsun Farmer Conditions. Master Thesis, Ondokuz May University Institude of Applied Science, Samsun, Turkey.