Türkiye’de Çeltik Üretim Mekanizasyonunda Toplam Masraflar, İşgücü Gereksinimleri ve İş Başarıları: Samsun İli Örneği

Öz

Çeltik, Türkiye ekonomisinde ve insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Samsun ili Bafra ilçesi, Türkiye’nin çeltik üretim potansiyeli açısından en şanslı illerinden biridir. Ülkemizde iller arasında çeltik ekim alanı ve üretim miktarı açısından ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Bitkisel üretimde kullanılan tohum, gübre, zirai ilaç ve mekanizasyon gibi girdiler, önemli bir bölümü oluşturduğu için bu girdilerin optimum düzeyde kullanılması için tarım makineleri işletmeciliğine dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, 2018 yılında Samsun ili Bafra ilçesinde çeltik üretim mekanizasyonunda anket yöntemi ile toplam masrafların, işgücü gereksinimlerinin ve iş başarılarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Daha önce belirlenen işletmelere uygulanan yüz yüze anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, toplam değişken ve sabit maliyetler sırasıyla 4036,40 ve 6229,90 TLha−1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Değişken ve sabit masrafların toplam üretim masrafları içindeki payı sırasıyla %39,32 ve %60,68 olarak olmuştur. Değişken maliyetler içinde en yüksek payı hasat (%13,12) ve toprak işleme masrafları (%6,93) almıştır. Sabit masraflar içinde en yüksek pay, arazi kiralama olmuştur (%22,46). En yüksek ve en düşük işgücü gereksinimleri toprak işleme (4,52 hha−1) ve kurutma işlemi (0,87 hha−1) için bulunmuştur. En yüksek iş başarısı ise, kurutma işleminde (1,15 hah−1) elde edilmiştir. Özellikle iyi bir mekanizasyon planlaması ile değişken masrafların düşürülebileceği, bunun da tarım makinelerinin etkin kullanımı ile daha karlı üretime yol açabileceği vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İş gücü gereksinimi
• mekanizasyon
• çeltik
• toplam masraf
• iş başarısı

Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province

Abstract

Rice has an important place in Turkey’s economy and human nutrition. Bafra town of Samsun province is one of the luckiest provinces in terms of rice production potential in Turkey. It takes second place among provinces in our country in terms of rice cultivation area and production amount. It is necessary to pay attention to agricultural machinery operation to use inputs in optimum as it comprises a significant share of inputs used for plant production like seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, and mechanization. This study was carried out to determine the total costs, labor requirements, and work efficiencies in the rice production mechanization by survey method in Bafra county of Samsun province in 2018. The data obtained through face-to-face question naires applied to previously determined businesses were evaluated. According to the results, the total variable and fixed costs are calculated as 4036.40 and 6229.90 TLha−1. The share of variable and fixed costs in total production costs was determined as 60.68% and 39.32%, respectively. Among the variable costs, the highest share was obtained by harvesting (13.12%) and tillage costs (6.93%). The highest share in the fixed costs was land hire (22.46%). The highest and the lowest labor requirements were found for tillage (4.52 hha−1) and for the drying process (0.87 hha−1). The highest work efficiency was obtained for the drying process (1.15 hah−1). In particular, it was emphasized that variable costs can be reduced by good mechanization planning, which can lead to more profitable production with the effective use of agricultural machinery.

Keywords

• Labor requirement
• mechanization
• rice
• total cost
• work efficiency

Kaynakça

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