Genetik Karakterizasyonda Mitokondriyal DNA Kullanımı

Öz

Artan dünya nüfusuna bağlı olarak nicelik ve nitelik bakımından besin maddelerine olan talebin giderek artması, yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin sağlanmasında çiftlik hayvanlarının önemini daha da artırmakta ve birden fazla verim yönünde geliştirilmelerini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Hayvanvancılıkta, ekonomik önemi olan karakterler üzerinde yapılan seleksiyon ile ırkın sahip olduğu genetik varyasyon daralmakta, bu durum ise populasyonda genotipik ilerlemeyi zorlaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca, yerli ırkların yetiştirildiği bölgelerde üretimi artırmak amacıyla genetik olarak üstün hayvan ırklarının doğrudan yada dolaylı olarak devreye sokulması, potansiyel önemi olan yerli gen kaynaklarının kaybolma riskini artırmaktadır. Gen kaynaklarının ileride kullanım durumları için korunmaları gerektiğinden, özgün genetik yapılarının belirlenmesi önem arzetmektedir. Son zamanlarda genetik varyasyonun belirlenmesi, filogenetik analiz, seleksiyon ve gıdaların orjinlerinin tespiti gibi çeşitli alanlarda kendine özgü bir çok özelliğe sahip ve moleküler düzeyde tanımlamaya imkan sağlayan mitokondriyal DNA (mtDNA) gibi kalıtım faktörlerinden geniş biçimde faydalanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mitokondriyal DNA, Filogeni, Genetik çeşitlilik, Çiftlik hayvanları

Kaynakça

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