Chemical Components, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Nest Materials Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Abstract

Social wasps build their nests in nature by using various organic and inorganic materials. In this study, the total phenolic content, antioxidant potentials based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity, biochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791 nest were investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by disc diffusion method against 8 bacteria and 2 fungi species. The ethanol extract of the investigated nest sample showed maximum antimicrobial activities against Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtillis, Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans. On the other hand, the minimum activities obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aspergillus niger and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Total phenolic content (TPC) of sample extract was analyzed using Folin–Ciocalteu assay and calculated as 0.56 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample. FRAP value and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract value were determined as 1.94 mg trolox equivalent/g sample and 0.88 mg trolox equivalent/g sample, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the sample was according to solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique and 44 compounds were identified. The presence of these compounds with bioactive potential, add value to investigated sample extract with a pharmaceutical meaning as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral agents and so on. In other words, the antioxidative and antimicrobial potantial of the nest sample could be attributed to presence of these compounds. For this reason, the materials used in the structure of the nests used for breeding by the social wasp are important for the biological activities.

Keywords

• Vespa crabro germana
• FRAP
• Antibacterial
• Antifungal

Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)’in Yuva Materyalinin Kimyasal Bileşenleri, Antimikrobiyal ve Antioksidan Aktiviteleri

Öz

Sosyal eşekarısı, yuvalarını doğada çeşitli organik ve inorganik malzemeler kullanarak oluşturur. Bu çalışmada, Vespa crabro germana Christ, 1791 yuvasına ait etanol ekstresinin toplam fenolik madde (TFM) içeriği, ferrik iyon indirgeyici antioksidan gücü (FRAP) ve DPPH radikal süpürme etkisine dayalı antioksidan potansiyeli, biyokimyasal bileşimi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi araştırılmıştır. Disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak 8 bakteri ve 2 mantar türüne karşı antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktivite belirlenmiştir. İncelenen yuva numunesinin etanol ekstresi, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtillis, Micrococcus luteus ve Candida albicans'a karşı maksimum antimikrobiyal aktivite göstermiştir. Öte yandan, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aspergillus niger ve Klebsiella pneumoniae'ye karşı minimum aktivite elde edilmiştir. Örnek ekstraktının TFM içeriği Folin-Ciocalteu testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve 0.56 mg gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/g numune olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ekstrenin FRAP değeri ve DPPH radikal süpürme aktivitesi sırasıyla 1.94 mg troloks eşdeğeri (TE)/numune ve 0.88 mg TE/g numune olarak tespit edilmiştir. Numunenin GC-MS analizi katı faz mikroekstraksiyon (SPME) tekniğine göre yapılmış ve 44 bileşik tanımlanmıştır. Biyoaktif potansiyeli olan bu bileşiklerin varlığı, araştırılan numune ekstraktına, antifungal, antibakteriyel, antiviral ajanlar vb. gibi farmasötik anlamda katma değer sağlar. Başka bir ifadeyle, yuva numunesinin antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal potansiyeli, bu bileşiklerin varlığına atfedilebilir. Bu nedenle sosyal eşekarısı tarafından yavru yetiştiriciliği için kullanılan yuvaların yapısında kullanılan malzemeler  biyolojik aktiviteler açısından önem arz eder.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vespa crabro germana
• FRAP
• Antibakteriyel
• Antifungal

Kaynakça

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