Hyphae Fusion Reactions and Determination of Anastomosis Group by Classical Ways of Rhizoctonia spp. Isolates Obtained from Sugar Beets

Abstract

Root rots were detected in 691 of 866 fields from Konya beet sugar beet growing areas between 2015 and 2017 and among these fungi most Rhizoctonia spp. has been identified. In the diagnosis of fungus; morphological diagnostics, isolation, microscopic observation, determinations of anastomosis groups by classical means were used, were used for the definitive diagnosis. 61 isolates of 71 isolates were identified as multinucleate and 10 isolates were identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. In determining anastomosis group with classical method; the isolates are divided into groups, according to hyphal reactions of Rhizoctonia isolates with test isolates; isolates were divided into groups according to C0, C1, C2, C3 type reactions and according to the way the hyphae are directed towards each other. This study is important for leading the studies to be carried out on this subject in terms of visual and methodical detail of anastomosis group determination steps and hyphal fusion in the classical way.

Keywords

• Anastomosis group
• Beta vulgaris
• Determination of classical AG
• Rhizoctonia spp.

Şeker Pancarlarından Elde Edilen Rhizoctonia spp. İzolatlarının Hif Birleşme Reaksiyonları ve Klasik Yollarla Anastomosis Grup Temini

Öz

2015-2017 yılları arasında Konya bölgesi şeker pancarı ekim alanlarından 866 tarlanın 691’inde kök çürüklükleri tespit edilmiş ve elde edilen birçok fungus içerisinden en çok Rhizoctonia spp. elde edilmiştir. Fungusun tanısında; morfolojik tanılama, izolasyon, mikroskobik gözlem, klasik yollarla anastomosis grupların tespitleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen 71 Rhizoctonia izolatlarından, 61 izolat multinükleat Rhizoctonia solani, 10 izolatta binükleat Rhizoctonia spp. olarak tanımlanmıştır. Klasik metotla anastomosis grubu belirlemede test izolatlarla, elde edilen Rhizoctonia izolatlarının hifsel reaksiyonlarına bakılarak C0, C1, C2, C3 tipi reaksiyonları ve hiflerin birbirine doğru yönelme şekillerine göre de anastomosis grupları tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma klasik yolla anastomosis grup belirleme aşamalarını ve hifsel kaynaşmayı görsel ve metotsal olarak detaylandırarak, bu konuda yapılacak olan çalışmalara bir ışık tutması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anastomosis grup
• Beta vulgaris
• Klasik AG tespiti
• Rhizoctonia spp.

Kaynakça

1. Anderson, N.A., 1982. Genetics and pathology of Rhizoctonia solani. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 20: 329-347.
2. Bandoni, R.J., 1971. Safranin-0 as a rapid nuclear stain for fungi. Mycology, 63: 873-874.
3. Bandoni, R.J., 1979. Safranin O as a rapid nuclear stain for fungi. Mycologia, 71: 873–874.
4. Blazier, S.R., Conway, K.E., 2004. Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani isolates associated with patch diseases on turfgrasses. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci., 84: 41-45.
5. Carling, D.E., Kuninaga, S., Leiner, R.H., 1988. Relatednes within and intraspesific groups of R. solani: A comparison of grouping by anastomosis and by DNA hybridization. Phytoparasitica, 16: 209-210.
6. Carling, D.E., Rothrock, C.S., MacNish, G.C., Sweetingham, M.W., Brainard, K.A., Winters, S.W., 1994. Characterization of anastomosis group 11 (AG-11) of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 84: 1387-1393.
7. Carling, D.E., Baird, R.E., Gitaitis, R.D., Brainard, K.A., Kuninaga, S., 2002a. Characterization of AG-13 a newly reported anastomosis group of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 92 (8): 893-899.
8. Cubeta, M.A., Vilgalys, R., 1997. Population biology of the Rhizoctonia solani complex. Phytopathology, 87: 480-484.

9. Erper, I., Kilicoglu, M.C., Turkkan, M., Onder, H., 2016. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from winter squash in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Eur J Plant Pathol, 146: 683- 697.
10. FAOSTAT, 2019. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. Website http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize (accessed on 12.12.2019).
11. Gonzalez, D., Carling, D.E., Kuninaga, S., Vilgalys, R., Cubeta, M.A., 2001. Ribosomal DNA systematics of Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus with Rhizoctonia anamorphs. Mycologia, 93: 1138–1150.
12. González Garcia, V., Portal Onco, M.A., Rubio Susan, V., 2006. Review. Biology and systematics of the form genus Rhizoctonia. Span J Agric Res, 4, 55–79.
13. Herr, L.J., 1996. Sugar Beet diseases incited by Rhizoctonia spp. In: Sneh, B., Jabaji-Hare, S., Neate, S. and Dijst G. (Eds.), Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Disease Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 341-349.
14. Hyakumachi, M., Ui, T., 1982. The role of the overwintered plant debris and sclerotia as inoculum in the field following sugar beet root rot. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 48: 628-633.
15. İlisulu, K., 1986. Nişasta-Şeker Bitkileri ve Islahı. Ankara Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yayınları, 960.
16. Karaca, G.H., Özkoç, I., Erper, I., 2002. Determination of the anastomosis grouping and virulence of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn isolates associated with bean plants grown in Samsun/Turkey. Pak J Bio Sci, 5: 434-437.
17. Kronland, W.C., Stanghellini, M.E., 1988. Clean slide technique for the observation of anastomosis and nuclear condotion of Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 78, 820-822.
18. Kuninaga, S., Natsuaki, T., Takeuchi, T., Yokosawa, R., 1997. Sequence variation of the rDNA ITS regions within and between anastomosis groups in Rhizoctonia solani. Curr Genet, 32: 237-243.
19. Ogoshi, A., 1987. Ecology and pathogenicity of anastomosis and intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 25: 125–143.
20. Ogoshi, A., Cook, R.J., Bassett, E.N., 1990. Rhizoctonia species and anastomosis groups causing root rot of wheat and barley in the Pacific Northwest. Phytopathology, 80 (9): 784-788.
21. Parmeter, J.R., Sherwood, R.T., Platt, W.D., 1969. Anastomosis grouping among isolates of Thanatephorus cucumeris. Phytopathology, 59: 1270-1278.
22. Sharon M, Kuninaga S, Hyakumachi M, Naito S, Sneh B (2008) Classification of Rhizoctonia spp. using rDNA-ITS sequence analysis supports the genetic basis of the classical anastomosis grouping. Mycoscience, 49: 93–114.
23. Smiley, R.W, Dernoeden, P.H, Clarke, B.B., 2005. Compendium of turfgrass diseases. St Paul, Minnesota: APS.
24. Sneh, B., Burpee, L., Ogoshi, A., 1991. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. APS Press, St. Paul Minnesota. 135 pgs.
25. Sneh, B., Burpee, L. ve Ogoshi, A. 1994. Identification of Rhizoctonia Species. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.
26. TÜİK, 2019. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92& locale=tr (Accesssed on 12.12.2019).
27. Yang, Y., Zhao, C., Guo, Z., Wu, X., 2015. Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with stem canker and black scurf of potato in China. Eur J Plant Pathol, 143: 99-111.
28. Yang, S., Min, F., Wang, W., Wei, Q., Guo, M., Gao, Y., Dong, X., Lu, D., 2017. Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani associated with stem canker and black scurf of potato in heilongjiang province of China. Am J Potato Res, 94: 95- 104.
29. Woodhall, J.W, Lees, A.K, Edwards, S.G, Jenkinson, P., 2007. Characterization of Rhizoctonia solani from potato in Great Britain. Plant Pathol, 56: 286-95.