DİPLOİD İNGİLİZ ÇİMİNDEN (Lolium perenne L.) TETRAPLOİD İNGİLİZ ÇİMİNİN ELDE EDİLMESİ İMKANLARI, BU BİTKİLERDE MİTOZ ve MEİOZ KROMOZOMLAR İLE BAZI MORFOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİN MUKAYESESİ

Yıl 1972, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, - , 11.12.2010

Sevim Sağsöz Şahabettin Elçi

Öz

ÖZET
Diploid Ingiliz çiminden tetraploid Ingjfiz çiminin elde edilmesi,
bunların sitolojik ve morfolojik karakterlerinin mukayesesi gayesi
ile yapılan bu araştırmada %O,2'lik Kolkisinle 24°C'de muamele edilen
1500 fideden % 1.6 oranında tetraploid bitki elde edilmiştir. Diploid
L. perenne 2n=14, tetraploidlerde 2n=28 olduğu tesbit edilmiştir.
Diploidlerin her genomunda 3 satelitli kromozom bulunmuştur.
Kromozomlarm 3 tanesi median, 4 tanesi ise submedian se~lromerlidir.
Tetraploid Ingiliz çiminin kromozom yapılan ve büyüklükleri diploidIerden
farklı olmayıp sadece tetraploidlerde kromozom sayılan
diploidlerin iki mislidir.
Diploidlerde diakinez devresinde kromozomlar nı (yedi bivalan)
,meydana getirmesine karşılık, tetraploidlerde çok karışık kromozom
bağlantıları bulunmuştur. Kromozomlarm multivalanlar meydana
getirmesi meiozun ,düzensiz seyretmesine sebep olmaktadır, Meiozun
gayrimuntazamlığı neticesinde fertilite düşmüş ve tohum tutma
oram" azalmıştır.
Morfolojik karakterler arasmdaki farklarm ö'nemli olup olmadıklarmı
tesbit için "t" kontrolleri yapılmış, genelolarak tetraploidlerin
morfolojik karakterler yo'nünden üstün oldukları tesbit edilmiştir.

POSSIBILITIES OF OBTAINING TETRAPLOID PERENNIAL RYE
GRASS (Lolium perenne L.) FROM DIPLOID PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND COMPARISON OF MITOTIC AND MEIOTIC CHROMOSOMES AND SOME MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE PLANTS

The results of these experiments
conducted to obtaine tetrapIoid perennial
ryegrass (lLJlium pereııne L.),
and to compare mitotic, meiotic chromosomes
and morphologicaI characters
of these two plant types, can be summarized
as folIows:
:' ı. To ,obtaine tetrapIoids, 1500
diploid perennia) ryegrass seeds were
genninated at 24°C, in gerınination
chamber. Before the emergence of first
leaf from coleoptile, seedlings were put
into 0.2 %aquecus colchicine solution,
at 25Co, for three hours, After then,
the seedlings which had been washed
6 times, were put in the germination
chamber for }-4 days -and then transfered
tonat boxes. At the end of two
months, the survivors wer traasplanted
to pots. Consequent1y, 1.6 % of the
original seeds employed, were obtained
as tetrapIoid 'perennial rye gıass.
2. it was determined tha~ <tiploid
perennia) ryegrass had a chfomosome
number of 211 =14. In each genome.
three chfomosomes had satellites. Three
chromosomes had median and four
chfomosomes had submedian centromeres.
3. No differences couId be found
between the caryotypes of diploids
and artificial tetıaploids. But, the number
of chromosomes in artificial tetrapIoids
were doubled (2n = 28).
4. In <tiploids, at the stage~, diakinesis
and metaphase I, chromosomes were
128
found to be in the form of 7 II. Thus
, the the meiotic division was normal;
conceqauntely normal poııen grains
were produced, and fertility was high.
5 In diakninesis and metaphase i
stages of the tetraploıds, paiıing of
the chromosomes varıed very much
The multi:valent formations caused
abnorlmalities in meiotİc divisions
The pairing forms of the 165 poIlen
motheı cell~ studied, were as fol1ows:
15 %2 II + 6 LV, 48 % 4 II + 5 ıv.
16 % 6 II + 4 IV, 16 % 8Il + 3 IV
In addition t9 these uni and multi
valent chıomosames were found in the
ratio of 5 % Because of the abnorma
lities in the meiotic division, feıtility
and seed set were low
6 The differences between the
morphological characters were tested,
using "t" test As a result, length and
width of polIen grains, of the stomata,
of glumes, of paleas, the number of
nowers p~r spikelet, thickness and
width ot leaves of the tetraploid were
greater than that of the diploids and
the differences were significant at 1 'vo
leveL. The length of the leaves oftetrap
loids significant1y greater than that
of <tiploids, at 5 % leveL. The number
of spikelets and tillers were significantly
higher in <Jiploids, at 5 % level No
significant <tifferences were found in
the length of rachis and compactness
of the spike between diploids and tetrapıoids
were faund.

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