ERZURUM ŞARTLARINDA AZOT VE FOSFORLU GÜBRELEME İLE SULAMANIN BAZI KIŞLIK BUĞDAYLARIN TANE VERİMİ, HAM PROTEİN ORANI VE ZELENY SEDİMANTASYON TEST KIYMETİNE ETKİLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 1973, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, - , 14.12.2010

Coşkun Köycü

Öz

ÖZET
Ekmeklik buğdayların verimi ile bembel' tanedeki ham protein
oranının ı'e Zeleny Sedimantasyon Test Kıymetlerinin de yüksek ol·
ması arzu edilir. Bu çalışmada, azot ve fosforlu gübrelerle sulamanın
kış/ık buğdaylarm tane verimine ve tane kalitesine olan etkileri incelenmiştir.
Erzurum Ovası topraklarında azot ve fosforlu gübrelerin kışllk
buğdayların verimine etkisi, ön bitkiye göre. değişmektedir. Ön bitki
hububat ise dekara tatbik edilen 6 Kg. N ve 7 Kg. Pı05 tane verimini
sırasiyle dekara 19.5 ve 19.8 Kg. artı;mıştır. Ön bitki korunga olduğunda
dekara 6 hatta 12 Kg. N'in ve 7 Kg. Pı05'in tane verimine etkisi olmamıştır.
Denemenin yürütüldüğü iki yılda da tatbik edilen sulama suyu tane
verimini çok önemli olarak etkilemiştir. Temmuz'un" ilk hl1ftasmda
uygulanan 30 mm. sıılama suyu tane verimini dekara 21-26 Kg. artırmıştır;
aynı miktar su temmuz'un son haftasında da uygulamnca ve
rimdeki artış dekara 35·45 kg. olmuştur.
Her iki yılda da kışlık buğdaylarm tane ham protein oranına yalnız
nitrojenin etkisi çok önemli olmuştur; fosfor ve sulama faktörlerinin
etkisi olmamıştır. Dekara 0, 6 ve 12 Kg. N verilen parsellerden alınan
buğdayların ham protein oranları sırasiyle % 11.25-11.72, 12.78-14.02
ve 13.45-15.15 olarak bulunmuştur.
Buğdayların ekmeklik kalitesine bir ölçü olabilen Zeleny Sedimantasyon
Test Kıymeti üzerine nitrojenin müsbet, sulmanın menfi,
fosfonm ise bir etkisi bulunmadığı tesbit edilmiştir.

Eflect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers andirrigation on the yield, Protein Content and Zeleny Sedimantation Valufe of winter wheats Under the Ecological Conditiom of Erzurum

In this research the effect of
nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and irrigation on the yield, protein content
and Zeleny Sedimantation values ofwinter wheats were exainİned. The
experiments were conducted in 1971
and 1972 at number 6 and 4 well of the
Experiment Station of Atatürk University
which can represent the soils of
most part of Erzurum vaHey, Bozostaya,
Warrior, Lancer, Yayla-305 and
Odin winter wheat varieties were used
ın the experiments.
Bezostaya, Warrior and Lancer
produced more grain yield than Yayla.
305 and Odin. As two-year averages,
the yields of varieties were 310, 296,
283, 217, and 216 kg/da. respectively.
.In 1971, no significant difference
was found between the effects of 6
and 12 kg. nitrogen levels; but 6 kg.
N/da. level increased the yield by 19.5
kg/da.., as compared to unfertilized
plots. In 1972, nitrogen did not affect
the grain yield. Phosphorus affected
the grain yield in the same way as did
nitrogen in the first year, by inereasing
the grain yield 19.8 kg/da. as compared
with no-fertilizer treatment, at
7 kg. n05/da. leveL. In the in yie1d;
but the inerease in yield was only 21
kg/da. it has been found that the expences
of fertilizer applied did not
compensate the inerease in the grain
yield.
In both years, watering treatmant
affeeted the garin yield significantly.
One irrigation during the g1Owing
period increased the grain yield
by 21.3 and 25.7 kg/da., two irrigation
treatments incerased the garin yield
by 35.,9 and 45.4 kg/da., in 1971 and
1972, respectively.
The average curede protein contents
of the wheat· varieties used in the experimens
were 12.50-13.52 %, and the
varietal differences were not significant
at 5 % levet
In both years, the only faetor
effective on the crude protein contents
of the winter wheat varieties was nitrogen.
The other factors, phosphorus
and water treatments shöwed 'no significant
effeets on this character. The
crude protein content inreased with
:inereasing rates of nitrogen application.
The crude protein eontents of
the wheats harvested from the plots
to which 0,6 and 12 kg.N/da. applied
were 11.25-11.72; 12.78 - 14.02; and
13.45-15.15 % respectively.
Varietal differences in Zeleny's
sedimentation test values were signifieantly
differ.ent in both years of
experimentation. In 1971 the average
Zeleny's sedimantation test values over
water and fertiIizier treatment-s of the
varieties Warrior, Bezostaya, Lancer,
Yayla-305, and Odin were 57.28, 45.4~
29,87, and 26.43 ml. respeetively. Bezostaya
and Laneel', Yayla-305 and
Odin weıe not signifieantly different
in th.is respect; but there was a significant
difference between the average
test values of these groups. On the
other hand, Warrior's sedim.antation
"test values si.gnificant1y Çifferent from
the other varieties. In 1972 thesedimantation
test values of Bezostaya, Warrior
and Laneel' vari.eties were 67. 31, 67.
03, and 56.26 ını., respective1y. The
differences between these values were
not siginifieant. There was not a signifieant
difference between Yayla-305
(33.42 ını.) and Odin (25.25 ını.) in
this respect; but the difference between
the averages of these two groups was
highly significant. it means the sedimentation
test values of Warrior and Bezostaya were at the highest and that
of Yay1a-305 and üdin were at the
lowest level, in both years. The Laneer
variety took an average position, with
its sedimantition test values of 49.50
ml., as the two-year average.
According to the i 97 i and 1972
results, nitrogen had a highly significant
linear effect on sedimentation test
values, whi1e phosphorus had no significant
effec!. The sedimantation test '
values increased with increasing levels
of nitrogen fertilization. In 1971, and
1972; 0,6 and 12 kg.N/da. levels of
nitrogen ,gaye rise to the sedimentation
values of 27.90, 43.97, 49.25 ml. and
41.07, 52.41, 56.09 ml. respectively. In
the first year, all of the differences among
these avereges were high1y significant;
in the second year, the differenee
between 6 and 12 kg.N/da.
levels was not significant, but the difference
between unfertilized and these
two leve1s.
In both years, the Ze.leny sedimentation
test values of all varietiesthe average of fertilizer treatment decreased
as the level of water treatment
increased. The sedimentation test values
of the wheats harvested from the plots
which had O, 30 and 60 mm. levels of
irrigation were 41.34,40.05 and 39.74
ml. in 1971; 50.77, 50.33 and 48.46
ml. in 1972 respectively. The differences
between sediment<j.tion va1ues of O
and 60 mm. irrigation were significant,
whi1e that of Oand 30 mm. was not in
botb years.
According to two-year results of
these experiments, it may be conc1uded
that; under the eco10gica1 conditions of
Erzurum; Bezostaya, Warrior Lancer
varieties should be grown. if a 1egum
plant is not a previous crop, a total
amount of 18-19 kg/da. ammonium
nitrate (% 32 N) should be appplied
by dividing to 3 parts, during the growing
period; and if water is avalable,
winter wheats should be irrigated, at
least two times in a year, in the first
and last weeks of july.

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