Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye’de Çeltik Üretim Mekanizasyonunda Toplam Masraflar, İşgücü Gereksinimleri ve İş Başarıları: Samsun İli Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1, 9 - 14, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934

Öz

Çeltik, Türkiye ekonomisinde ve insan beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Samsun ili Bafra ilçesi, Türkiye’nin çeltik üretim potansiyeli açısından en şanslı illerinden biridir. Ülkemizde iller arasında çeltik ekim alanı ve üretim miktarı açısından ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Bitkisel üretimde kullanılan tohum, gübre, zirai ilaç ve mekanizasyon gibi girdiler, önemli bir bölümü oluşturduğu için bu girdilerin optimum düzeyde kullanılması için tarım makineleri işletmeciliğine dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, 2018 yılında Samsun ili Bafra ilçesinde çeltik üretim mekanizasyonunda anket yöntemi ile toplam masrafların, işgücü gereksinimlerinin ve iş başarılarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Daha önce belirlenen işletmelere uygulanan yüz yüze anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, toplam değişken ve sabit maliyetler sırasıyla 4036,40 ve 6229,90 TLha−1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Değişken ve sabit masrafların toplam üretim masrafları içindeki payı sırasıyla %39,32 ve %60,68 olarak olmuştur. Değişken maliyetler içinde en yüksek payı hasat (%13,12) ve toprak işleme masrafları (%6,93) almıştır. Sabit masraflar içinde en yüksek pay, arazi kiralama olmuştur (%22,46). En yüksek ve en düşük işgücü gereksinimleri toprak işleme (4,52 hha−1) ve kurutma işlemi (0,87 hha−1) için bulunmuştur. En yüksek iş başarısı ise, kurutma işleminde (1,15 hah−1) elde edilmiştir. Özellikle iyi bir mekanizasyon planlaması ile değişken masrafların düşürülebileceği, bunun da tarım makinelerinin etkin kullanımı ile daha karlı üretime yol açabileceği vurgulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, H., Sezer, İ., Mut, Z., & Dengiz, O. (2017). Yield and quality performance of some paddy cultivars grown in left bank of Bafra plain [In Turkish]. KSU J. Natl Sci., 20 (Special Issue), 297–302.
  • Anonymous (2016). Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, general directorate of agricultural research and policies [In Turkish]. Publications of Agricultural Economics and Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.tepge.gov.tr/Dosyalar/Yayinlar/266a5cbfeaf44f9380a8cfc5950fbb05.pdf.
  • Anonymous (2018). Agriculture sector report of Bafra District [In Turkish]. Samsun Investment Support Office, Black Sea Development Agency (OKA).
  • Anonymous (2019a). [In Turkish]. Retrieved from https://www.samsun2019.com.tr/haber/820/100-yilda-celtik-tarimi-paneli--duzenlendi/.
  • Anonymous (2019b). Turkish Grain Board General Directorate, grain sector report [In Turkish].
  • Arın, S. (1987). The problems and solution for rice farming mechanization at the basin of river Meriç [In Turkish]. 3rd International Symposium on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture. Turkey: İzmir.
  • Baran, M. F., Durgut, M. R., Kayhan, İ. E., Aydın, B., Kurşun, İ., & Bayhan, Y. (2014). Determination of different tillage and sowing methods in terms of technically and economically in second crop maize for silage [In Turkish]. Namık Kemal University, Journal of Tekirdağ Agriculture Faculty, 11(1), 18–26.
  • Beyhan, M. A., & Pınar, Y. (1996). An investigation of using a mechanical scrub-clearing tool at desuckering of hazelnut [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the agricultural education 150th anniversary, hazelnut and other Nuts Symposium (pp. 119-133). Samsun, Turkey: Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture.
  • Caran, D. (1994). Investigation of mechanical harvesting possibilities in olive [In Turkish]. Ege university, PhD, graduate school of natural applied science. Department of Agricultural Machinery.
  • Çiçek, G., & Sümer, S. K. (2009). A research on cost analysis and determination of management data in paddy drilling with steel wheel tractor [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the book of 25th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress. Isparta, Turkey.
  • Dinçer, H. (1976). Costs of machinery in agricultural enterprises [In Turkish]. Professional Publications of Turkish Agricultural Equipment Association.
  • Gözübüyük, Z., Çelik, A., Ergüneş, G., Yıldız, T., & Adıgüzel, M. C. (2017). The effect of different tillage-sowing methods on draft force-power and operating parameters on vetch production [In Turkish]. 5th International Participation Soil and Water Resources Congress (p. 147). Kırklareli, Turkey.
  • Kadayıfçılar, S., & Dinçer, H. (1972). Agricultural machinery management (Vol. II) [In Turkish]. Publications of Ankara University Journal of Agriculture Faculty. Publication number:489, Textbook number:163.
  • Kayışoğlu, B., & Tan, F. (1994). A research on determination of the best transport system on silage making mechanization [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the book of 15th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress (pp. 334–342). Antalya, Turkey.
  • Kıral, T., Kasnakoğlu, H., Tatlıdil, F., Fidan, H., & Gündoğmuş, E. (1999). Cost calculation methodology and database guide for agricultural products [In Turkish]. Project Report of Agricultural Economics Research Institute.
  • Özden, D. M. (1991). Fuel, time data and work efficiencies of tools and machines used in wheat and sugar beet agriculture in Erzurum and Iğdır regions [In Turkish]. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Rural Services, Erzurum Research Institute Directorate Publications. General Publication No:26, Report Serial No:23.
  • Yıldız, N., & Bircan, H. (1994). Research and experiment methods [In Turkish]. Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture. Publication No: 697.
  • Yıldız, T. (2000). Design of a hazelnut picking-up machine with mechanical pick-up unit operated by tractor [In Turkish]. Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural Applied Science, Department of Agricultural Machinery.
  • Yıldız, T. (2016). Determination of total costs, labour requirements and work efficiencies in second fodder corn silage production at Bafra town of Samsun [In Turkish]. Turkish Journal of Agriculture – Food Science and Technology, 4(12), 1149–1156. [CrossRef]
  • Yıldız, T., & Tekgüler, A. (2012). Determination of work efficiencies in hazelnut harvesting by using eccentric type shaker [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the book of 27th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress (pp. 332–339). Samsun, Turkey.

Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1, 9 - 14, 31.01.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934

Öz

Rice has an important place in Turkey’s economy and human nutrition. Bafra town of Samsun province is one of the luckiest provinces in terms of rice production potential in Turkey. It takes second place among provinces in our country in terms of rice cultivation area and production amount. It is necessary to pay attention to agricultural machinery operation to use inputs in optimum as it comprises a significant share of inputs used for plant production like seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, and mechanization. This study was carried out to determine the total costs, labor requirements, and work efficiencies in the rice production mechanization by survey method in Bafra county of Samsun province in 2018. The data obtained through face-to-face question naires applied to previously determined businesses were evaluated. According to the results, the total variable and fixed costs are calculated as 4036.40 and 6229.90 TLha−1. The share of variable and fixed costs in total production costs was determined as 60.68% and 39.32%, respectively. Among the variable costs, the highest share was obtained by harvesting (13.12%) and tillage costs (6.93%). The highest share in the fixed costs was land hire (22.46%). The highest and the lowest labor requirements were found for tillage (4.52 hha−1) and for the drying process (0.87 hha−1). The highest work efficiency was obtained for the drying process (1.15 hah−1). In particular, it was emphasized that variable costs can be reduced by good mechanization planning, which can lead to more profitable production with the effective use of agricultural machinery.

Kaynakça

  • Akay, H., Sezer, İ., Mut, Z., & Dengiz, O. (2017). Yield and quality performance of some paddy cultivars grown in left bank of Bafra plain [In Turkish]. KSU J. Natl Sci., 20 (Special Issue), 297–302.
  • Anonymous (2016). Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, general directorate of agricultural research and policies [In Turkish]. Publications of Agricultural Economics and Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.tepge.gov.tr/Dosyalar/Yayinlar/266a5cbfeaf44f9380a8cfc5950fbb05.pdf.
  • Anonymous (2018). Agriculture sector report of Bafra District [In Turkish]. Samsun Investment Support Office, Black Sea Development Agency (OKA).
  • Anonymous (2019a). [In Turkish]. Retrieved from https://www.samsun2019.com.tr/haber/820/100-yilda-celtik-tarimi-paneli--duzenlendi/.
  • Anonymous (2019b). Turkish Grain Board General Directorate, grain sector report [In Turkish].
  • Arın, S. (1987). The problems and solution for rice farming mechanization at the basin of river Meriç [In Turkish]. 3rd International Symposium on Mechanization and Energy in Agriculture. Turkey: İzmir.
  • Baran, M. F., Durgut, M. R., Kayhan, İ. E., Aydın, B., Kurşun, İ., & Bayhan, Y. (2014). Determination of different tillage and sowing methods in terms of technically and economically in second crop maize for silage [In Turkish]. Namık Kemal University, Journal of Tekirdağ Agriculture Faculty, 11(1), 18–26.
  • Beyhan, M. A., & Pınar, Y. (1996). An investigation of using a mechanical scrub-clearing tool at desuckering of hazelnut [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the agricultural education 150th anniversary, hazelnut and other Nuts Symposium (pp. 119-133). Samsun, Turkey: Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture.
  • Caran, D. (1994). Investigation of mechanical harvesting possibilities in olive [In Turkish]. Ege university, PhD, graduate school of natural applied science. Department of Agricultural Machinery.
  • Çiçek, G., & Sümer, S. K. (2009). A research on cost analysis and determination of management data in paddy drilling with steel wheel tractor [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the book of 25th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress. Isparta, Turkey.
  • Dinçer, H. (1976). Costs of machinery in agricultural enterprises [In Turkish]. Professional Publications of Turkish Agricultural Equipment Association.
  • Gözübüyük, Z., Çelik, A., Ergüneş, G., Yıldız, T., & Adıgüzel, M. C. (2017). The effect of different tillage-sowing methods on draft force-power and operating parameters on vetch production [In Turkish]. 5th International Participation Soil and Water Resources Congress (p. 147). Kırklareli, Turkey.
  • Kadayıfçılar, S., & Dinçer, H. (1972). Agricultural machinery management (Vol. II) [In Turkish]. Publications of Ankara University Journal of Agriculture Faculty. Publication number:489, Textbook number:163.
  • Kayışoğlu, B., & Tan, F. (1994). A research on determination of the best transport system on silage making mechanization [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the book of 15th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress (pp. 334–342). Antalya, Turkey.
  • Kıral, T., Kasnakoğlu, H., Tatlıdil, F., Fidan, H., & Gündoğmuş, E. (1999). Cost calculation methodology and database guide for agricultural products [In Turkish]. Project Report of Agricultural Economics Research Institute.
  • Özden, D. M. (1991). Fuel, time data and work efficiencies of tools and machines used in wheat and sugar beet agriculture in Erzurum and Iğdır regions [In Turkish]. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Affairs, General Directorate of Rural Services, Erzurum Research Institute Directorate Publications. General Publication No:26, Report Serial No:23.
  • Yıldız, N., & Bircan, H. (1994). Research and experiment methods [In Turkish]. Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture. Publication No: 697.
  • Yıldız, T. (2000). Design of a hazelnut picking-up machine with mechanical pick-up unit operated by tractor [In Turkish]. Ankara University, Graduate School of Natural Applied Science, Department of Agricultural Machinery.
  • Yıldız, T. (2016). Determination of total costs, labour requirements and work efficiencies in second fodder corn silage production at Bafra town of Samsun [In Turkish]. Turkish Journal of Agriculture – Food Science and Technology, 4(12), 1149–1156. [CrossRef]
  • Yıldız, T., & Tekgüler, A. (2012). Determination of work efficiencies in hazelnut harvesting by using eccentric type shaker [In Turkish]. Proceedings of the book of 27th National Agricultural Mechanization and Energy Congress (pp. 332–339). Samsun, Turkey.
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm ARAŞTIRMALAR
Yazarlar

Hasret Türer Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-6142-5377

Taner Yıldız Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4774-6534

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 54 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Türer, H., & Yıldız, T. (2023). Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934
AMA Türer H, Yıldız T. Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. Ocak 2023;54(1):9-14. doi:10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934
Chicago Türer, Hasret, ve Taner Yıldız. “Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 54, sy. 1 (Ocak 2023): 9-14. https://doi.org/10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934.
EndNote Türer H, Yıldız T (01 Ocak 2023) Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 54 1 9–14.
IEEE H. Türer ve T. Yıldız, “Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 54, sy. 1, ss. 9–14, 2023, doi: 10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934.
ISNAD Türer, Hasret - Yıldız, Taner. “Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 54/1 (Ocak 2023), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934.
JAMA Türer H, Yıldız T. Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;54:9–14.
MLA Türer, Hasret ve Taner Yıldız. “Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 54, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 9-14, doi:10.5152/AUAF.2023.221934.
Vancouver Türer H, Yıldız T. Total Costs, Labor Requirements, and Work Efficiencies in Rice Production Mechanization in Turkey: A Case Study From Samsun Province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;54(1):9-14.

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