Syria in Us Middle East Policy (2000-2011)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 760 - 775, 02.04.2024

Maleyka Adıgozalova

https://doi.org/10.46868/atdd.2024.687

https://izlik.org/JA58BK88XS

Öz

This article examines one of the most pressing topics related to an important area of US regional policy. As is known, after the terrorist attack in the United States on September 11, 2001, Washington made radical changes to its Middle East policy. The fight against terrorism and countries supporting terrorists has become a priority of US policy. The article examines the role of Syria in US Middle East policy. Before the Arab Spring, Syria had a prominent role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. This meant that political leaders, including those from the US, had to consider Syria’s stance on Middle Eastern issues and the opinions of the Syrian Arab Republic's government on significant regional problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

USA-Syria relation , US military intervention , Middle East , Libyan crisis , Arab Spring

Kaynakça

• A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement. (February 1995). Wash. The white house, 1-2, - 34.
• Ahmedov, V. M. (2003). Bashar Asad: pervie itogi i perspektivi na vlastnom poprishe. [Bashar al-Assad: first results and prospects in the field of power]. Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey). IIIiBV, 20.
• Ahmedov, V. M. (2008). Rol vneshneekonomicheskih svyazey i prosesse modernizatsii ekonomiki SAR. [The role of foreign economic relations in the process of modernization of the SAR economy]. Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey). IIIiBV, 38. 147-150.
• Ahmedov, V. M. (2008). Siriya v mejdunarodnıh otnosheniyah na Blijnem Vostoke. Nekotorie problemi regionalnoy bezopasnosti. [Syria in international relations in the Middle East. Some problems of regional security]. Blijniy Vostok: problemi regionalnoy bezopasnosti (sbornik statey). IIIiBV, 2000, 208.
• Ahmedov, V. M. (2003). Siriya i arabo-izrailskoe uregulirovanie posle irakskoy voyni. Arabo-izrailskoy conflikt: starie problemi i novie plani. [Syria and the Arab-Israeli settlement after the Iraq war. The Arab-Israeli conflict: old problems and new plans]. IIIiBV, 36-43.
• Ahmedov, V. M. (2006). Siriya pri Bashar Asade i perspektivi otnosheniy s Rossiey. [Syria under Bashar al-Assad and prospects for relations with Russia]. Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey), IIIiBV, 28, 20.
• Arkhipov, A.V. (2002). Siriya: faktori politico-ekonomicheskih izmeneniy. [Syria: factors of political and economic changes]. Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey), IIIiBV, 16, 13-15.
• Bedritskii, A.V. (2013). Vneshnaya politika SSHA posle prezidentskih viborov: preemstvennost i novie tendensii. Problemi nasionalnoy strategii. [US foreign policy after the presidential election: continuity and new trends. Problems of national strategy]. Rossiyskiy institut strategicheskih issledovaniy, 3 (18), 27-46.
• David, K. (2011, October 3). Syria National Council Publishes Maps of Syrian Air Defenses updated. https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/03/syrian-national-council-publishes-maps-of-syrian-air-defenses-updated/
• Yeddin, S. X. (2012). Vliyanie voenno-politicheskoy situatsii v Irake na vneshnyu politiku Sirii. [The influence of the military and political situation in Iraq on the foreign policy of Syria]. Vestnik RUDN, seriya Mejdunarodnie otnosheniya, 1, 81-87.
• Philonik, A. O. & Isaev, V. A. (2007). Siriya: politicheskaya evolyusiya i potensialnie ugrozi. Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey). Vostok, 31. 21.
• Catlett, G. A. (2013). US Policy Options in Syria: An Argument for Diplomacy. US Army War College.
• Gani, J. K. (October 2014). The Role of Ideology in Syrian-US Relations. Conflict and Cooperation. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Sharp, J. M. (2010). Syria: Background and US Relations. DIANE Publishing.
• Kuznetsov, A. A. (sentyabr, 2016) Geopoliticheskoe izmerenie siriyskogo conflikta. [Geopolitical dimension of the Syrian conflict]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta drujb; narodov. Seriya: Mejdunarodnie otnosheniya. Vestnik RUDN, 3, 461-472.
• Kamnaksh, F. (2006). Vosstanovlenie potensiala sotrudnichestva-oboyudnaya zadacha. [Restoring the potential for cooperation is a mutual task]. Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey). In-t vostokovedeniya RAN, 28,190-198.
• Kissinger, H. (2002). Nujna li Americe vneshnaya politika? K diplomatii XXI veka. [Does America need a foreign policy? Towards 21st century diplomacy]. Ladomir.
• Kosach, G. G. (2009). Mirniy prosess na Blijnem Vostoke: siriyskoe napravlenie. [Peace process in the Middle East: Syrian track] Vostokovedniy sbornik (sbornik statey). IIIiBV.
• Morozov, V. M. (2012). Izrail i sredizemnomorskaya bezopasnost. [Israel and Mediterranean security] Mejdunarodnie prosessi. V.10. 30. Pravo, 91-97.
• Rabinovich, I. (2009). Waging Peace: Israel and the Arabs, 1948-2003-Updated and Revised Edition. Princeton University Press.
• Rabil, R. (2001). The ineffective role of the US in the US-Israeli-Syrian relationship. The Middle East Journal, 415-438.
• Roger, O. R. (2004). State, Power and Politics in the Making of the Modern Middle East. Routledge.
• Sagie, U. (2006). The Israeli-Syrian Dialogue: A One-Way Ticket to Peace?. James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy of Rice University.
• Sarab’ev, A. V. (2006) SSHA: geopoliticheskie proqnozi 90-x godov i sovremennie blijnevostochnie realii. [USA: geopolitical forecasts of the 90s and modern Middle Eastern realities] Blijniy Vostok i sovremennost (sbornik statey). IBV, IV RAN, 27, 241-248.
• Sapranova, M. A. & Khodinaskaia-Golenisheva M. C. (2017). Siriya v sisteme regionalnoy bezopasnosti v 2000-2011 gg. Nauchniy dialog. CHNIOP, 12, 381-391.
• U.S. Relations With Syria. https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-syria/
• Williams, P. & Popken C. (2012). U.S. Foreign Policy and the Arab Spring: Ten Short-Term Lessons Learned. DENV. J. INT'L L. & POL'Y, 4 1 -1, 47-61.