Afganistan'ın Siyasi Yapısında Etnik Siyasetin Rolünün Tarihsel İncelemesi ve Analizi (Çağdaş Dönem)

Öz

Afganistan'daki siyasi yapı etnik siyaset tarafından şekillendirilmiş, kuruluşundan bu yana ülke yönetimi büyük ölçüde tek bir etnik gruba dayandırılmış ve büyük etnik grupların ülkenin siyasi yapısına katılımı büyük ölçüde engellenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, etnik çeşitliliğe sahip bu ülkenin siyasi yapısındaki tek etnik politikayı analiz etmek ve değerlendirmektir. Bu makaledeki ana soru şudur: Çağdaş dönemde Afganistan'ın siyasi yapısında etnik siyasetin rolü ne olmuştur? Bu soruya yanıt olarak Afganistan'da etnik siyasete dayalı siyasi yapının yönetici kabile merkezli olduğu, farklı devletlerin benzer ve farklı özelliklere ve yaklaşımlara sahip olduğu, ayrıca yönetici devletlerin eksikliklerinin kimi zaman Afganistan'ın geleneksel ve aşiret toplumunun direnişiyle karşılaştığı hipotezi ortaya atılmaktadır. Etnik siyasetin üç modeli vardır: Afgan yöneticiler iktidarlarının bazı dönemlerinde etnik homojenleştirme modelini, diğer dönemlerde etnik çoğulculuk modelini ve son olarak bazı yöneticiler çokluk içinde birlik modelini kullanmışlardır. Bu çalışmadaki araştırma yöntemi gelişimsel ve uygulamalı bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları Afganistan'ın etnik çeşitliliğe sahip ülkelerden biri olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etnik Siyaset
• Siyasi Yapı
• Etnik Çeşitlilik
• Asimilasyon
• Çoğulculuk ve Çoğulculuk İçinde Birlik

Historical Study and Analysis of the Role of Ethnic Politics in the Political Structure of Afghanistan (Contemporary Period)

Abstract

The political structure in Afghanistan has been shaped by ethnic politics, and since its founding, the country’s governance has been largely based on a single ethnic group, and the participation of major ethnic groups in the country’s political structure has been largely avoided. The main objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the single ethnic policy in the political structure, while this country is ethnically diverse. The main question in this article is: What has been the role of ethnic politics in the political structure of Afghanistan in the contemporary period? In response to this question, the hypothesis is put forward that the political structure based on ethnic politics in Afghanistan has been centered on the ruling tribe, and that different states have had similar and different characteristics and approaches, and in addition, the shortcomings of the ruling states have sometimes been met with resistance from the traditional and tribal society of Afghanistan. Ethnic politics has three patterns and models, with Afghan rulers using the ethnic homogenization model in some periods of their rule and the ethnic pluralism model in other periods, and finally some rulers used the unity-in-multiple model. The research method in the present study is a developmental and applied method. The findings of this study show that Afghanistan is one of the countries with ethnic diversity.

Keywords

• Ethnic Politics
• Political Structure
• Ethnic Diversity
• Assimilation
• Pluralism And Unity İn Pluralism

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