Sürdürülebilirlik Göstergelerinin Turizm Yoğunluğu Üzerindeki Etkisi: G-20 Ülkeleri İçin Bir Panel Veri Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilirlik göstergelerinin turizm yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkisini G-20 ülkeleri özelinde 1995–2023 dönemi için panel veri yöntemiyle analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada bağımlı değişken olarak turist yoğunluğu; bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise kişi başına düşen CO₂ emisyonları, yenilenebilir enerji tüketim oranı, kara alanları içerisindeki orman alanı oranı, kişi başına düşen GSYİH’nin yıllık büyüme hızı ve internet kullanan bireylerin oranı ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada gerçekleştirilen temel varsayım testleri sonucunda modelde değişen varyans, birimler arası korelasyon ve otokorelasyon sorunlarının varlığı tespit edilmiş; bu nedenle araştırma modeli FGLS yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, tüm bağımsız değişkenlerin turist yoğunluğu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, kişi başına düşen CO₂ emisyonları, yenilenebilir enerji tüketim oranı ve orman alanı oranındaki artışın G-20 ülkelerinde turist yoğunluğunu negatif yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Buna karşılık, kişi başına düşen GSYİH büyüme oranı ile internet kullanan bireylerin oranındaki artışın turist yoğunluğunu pozitif yönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, sürdürülebilir turizm politikalarının yalnızca çevresel boyutlarıyla değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik, teknolojik ve sosyo-demografik boyutlarıyla da ele alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sürdürülebilirlik
• turizm
• G-20 ülkeleri
• turizm yoğunluğu
• panel veri analizi

The Impact of Sustainability Indicators on Tourism Intensity: A Panel Data Analysis for G-20 Countries

Öz

This study examines the impact of sustainability indicators on tourism intensity in G-20 countries over the period 1995–2023 using panel data analysis. Tourism intensity is employed as the dependent variable, while the independent variables include per capita CO₂ emissions, renewable energy consumption rate, the share of forest area in total land area, the annual growth rate of GDP per capita, and the proportion of individuals using the Internet. The results of the preliminary diagnostic tests reveal the presence of heteroskedasticity, cross-sectional dependence, and autocorrelation. Accordingly, the research model is estimated using the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) method. The empirical findings indicate that all independent variables have statistically significant effects on tourism intensity. Specifically, increases in per capita CO₂ emissions, renewable energy consumption rate, and the proportion of forest area are found to have a negative effect on tourism intensity in G-20 countries. In contrast, higher GDP per capita growth rates and greater Internet usage are associated with increased tourism intensity. These findings demonstrate that sustainable tourism policies should be addressed not only from an environmental perspective but also in relation to economic, technological, and socio-demographic dimensions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sustainability
• tourism
• G-20 countries
• tourism intensity
• panel data analysis

Kaynakça

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