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Riding Samuel Huntington's Waves of Democracy: Unveiling the Middle East’s Path and Egypt’s Democratic Quest

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 2513 - 2534

Öz

This study explores the complex dynamics of democratization in the Middle East, with a particular focus on Egypt. Through an in-depth analysis of Egypt's political evolution, the paper examines the historical, social, and economic factors that have shaped its struggle for democratic governance. The research highlights the pivotal moments in Egypt's recent history, including the Arab Spring and its aftermath, to illustrate the challenges and opportunities faced by the country in its quest for democracy. By contextualizing Egypt's experience within the broader Middle Eastern landscape, the study provides insights into the region's unique political environment, the role of external influences, and the interplay between authoritarian legacies and democratic aspirations. The findings underscore the importance of addressing structural impediments, fostering inclusive political participation, and ensuring the protection of civil liberties to pave the way for sustainable democratization in Egypt and the wider Middle East.

Kaynakça

  • Arı, T. (2008). Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu: Siyaset, Savaş ve Diplomasi. Alfa Yayınları.
  • Küçükkeleş, M. (2011). 25 Ocak’tan Yeni Anayasa’ya Mısır’da Dönüşümün Anatomisi. Siyaset Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı SETAV, Ankara.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2003). The Democracy Sourcebook. MIT Press.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2015, 11 10). Democracy article. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  • Danişmend, I. H. (2011). Izahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi. Doğu Yayınevi.
  • Demirtaş, E. (2014). Ortadoğu’da Devlet ve İktidar: Otoriter Rejimler Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Metis Yayınları.
  • Eraslan, I. (2014). Democratization of the Middle East from a Theoretical Perspective: The Case of Egypt. European Journal of Economic & Political Studies, 7 (2).
  • Goldschmidt, Jr. A, L. D. (2007). Kısa Ortadoğu Tarihi (Çev. A. Guler). Doruk Yayıncılık.
  • Goldschmidt, Jr. A. (2008). A Brief History of Egypt. Infobase Publishing.
  • Hala Mustafa, A. A.-G. (2003). Building Democracy in Egypt: Womens Political Participation,Political Party Life and Democratic Elections. Stokholm: International Intitute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
  • Freedom House. (2010). Freedom in the World 2010. In freedomhouse.org. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/FIW_2010_Complete_Book_Scan.pdf
  • House, F. (2015, 12 17). Freedom in the World Country Ratings. London.
  • Huntington, S. (2010). Ucuncu Dalga: Gec 20. Yuzyilda Demokratiklesme (Çev. E. Ozbudun). Kilit Yayınları.
  • Index, D. (2010). Democracy in Retreat. Economist Intellegence Unit.
  • Kramer, G. (n.d.). Islam and Pluralism. Politcal Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World, Cilt I, Theoretical Perspectives, 113-123.
  • Luciani, G. (1994). The oil fiscal crisis of the state and democratization. In S. G, Democracy without Democrats: The renewal of politics in the Muslim World (p. 132). I.B. Tauris.
  • Mansfield, P. (2011). Ortadoğu Tarihi (Çev. U. Husrev Yolsal). Say Yayınları.
  • Marsot, A. L. A. (2007). A history of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmitter, P. C. T. L. (1995). Demokrasi nedir. Ne değildir. In M. F. Larry Diamond, Demokrasinin Kuresel Yukselisi (p. 69). Yetkin Yayınları.
  • Repucci, S., & Slipowitz, A. (2022). The global expansion of authoritarian rule. In Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2022/global-expansion-authoritarian-rule
  • Saxer, M. (2009). Performance Matters: Challenge for the Democratic Model and Democracy Promotion. Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft. 3, 81-99.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1943). Capitalism Socialism and Democracy. In U. L. Gorge Allen. UK.
  • Stepan, A., & Robertson, G. B. (2003). An Arab More Than Muslim Democracy Gap. Journal of Democracy, 14 (3), 30–44.
  • Sorensen, G. (1993). Democracy and Democratization: Process and Prospects in a Changing World. Westview Press.
  • The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights. (2008). Egypt and the Impact of 27 eEars of Human Rights. The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights.
  • Tür, Ö. (2011). Mısır’da Ekonomik Kalkınma Çabaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (41), 183-194.
  • Salih el-Verdânî. (2011). Mısırda İslâmî Akımlar (Çev. H. Acar- Ş. Duman). Fecr.
  • Weipert-Fenner, I. (2020). The Autocratic Parliament: Power and Legitimacy in Egypt, 1866-2011. Syracuse University Press.
  • Zakaria, F. (1997). The RIse of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76 (6) 22-43.
  • Polity IV Country Reports, Center for Systemic Peace, http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/mideast2.htm
  • Center for Systemic Peace, the Polity IV data set.

Riding Samuel Huntington's Waves of Democracy: Unveiling the Middle East’s Path and Egypt’s Democratic Quest

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 2513 - 2534

Öz

Riding Samuel Huntington's Waves of Democracy: Unveiling the Middle East’s Path and Egypt’s Democratic Quest

This study explores the complex dynamics of democratization in the Middle East, with a particular focus on Egypt. Through an in-depth analysis of Egypt's political evolution, the paper examines the historical, social, and economic factors that have shaped its struggle for democratic governance. The research highlights the pivotal moments in Egypt's recent history, including the Arab Spring and its aftermath, to illustrate the challenges and opportunities faced by the country in its quest for democracy. By contextualizing Egypt's experience within the broader Middle Eastern landscape, the study provides insights into the region's unique political environment, the role of external influences, and the interplay between authoritarian legacies and democratic aspirations. The findings underscore the importance of addressing structural impediments, fostering inclusive political participation, and ensuring the protection of civil liberties to pave the way for sustainable democratization in Egypt and the wider Middle East.
Keywords: Samuel Huntington, Democratization, Egypt, Middle East, Political participation

Kaynakça

  • Arı, T. (2008). Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu: Siyaset, Savaş ve Diplomasi. Alfa Yayınları.
  • Küçükkeleş, M. (2011). 25 Ocak’tan Yeni Anayasa’ya Mısır’da Dönüşümün Anatomisi. Siyaset Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı SETAV, Ankara.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2003). The Democracy Sourcebook. MIT Press.
  • Dahl, R. A. (2015, 11 10). Democracy article. Encyclopedia Britannica.
  • Danişmend, I. H. (2011). Izahlı Osmanlı Tarihi Kronolojisi. Doğu Yayınevi.
  • Demirtaş, E. (2014). Ortadoğu’da Devlet ve İktidar: Otoriter Rejimler Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Metis Yayınları.
  • Eraslan, I. (2014). Democratization of the Middle East from a Theoretical Perspective: The Case of Egypt. European Journal of Economic & Political Studies, 7 (2).
  • Goldschmidt, Jr. A, L. D. (2007). Kısa Ortadoğu Tarihi (Çev. A. Guler). Doruk Yayıncılık.
  • Goldschmidt, Jr. A. (2008). A Brief History of Egypt. Infobase Publishing.
  • Hala Mustafa, A. A.-G. (2003). Building Democracy in Egypt: Womens Political Participation,Political Party Life and Democratic Elections. Stokholm: International Intitute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
  • Freedom House. (2010). Freedom in the World 2010. In freedomhouse.org. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. https://freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/FIW_2010_Complete_Book_Scan.pdf
  • House, F. (2015, 12 17). Freedom in the World Country Ratings. London.
  • Huntington, S. (2010). Ucuncu Dalga: Gec 20. Yuzyilda Demokratiklesme (Çev. E. Ozbudun). Kilit Yayınları.
  • Index, D. (2010). Democracy in Retreat. Economist Intellegence Unit.
  • Kramer, G. (n.d.). Islam and Pluralism. Politcal Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World, Cilt I, Theoretical Perspectives, 113-123.
  • Luciani, G. (1994). The oil fiscal crisis of the state and democratization. In S. G, Democracy without Democrats: The renewal of politics in the Muslim World (p. 132). I.B. Tauris.
  • Mansfield, P. (2011). Ortadoğu Tarihi (Çev. U. Husrev Yolsal). Say Yayınları.
  • Marsot, A. L. A. (2007). A history of Egypt: From the Arab Conquest to the Present (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Schmitter, P. C. T. L. (1995). Demokrasi nedir. Ne değildir. In M. F. Larry Diamond, Demokrasinin Kuresel Yukselisi (p. 69). Yetkin Yayınları.
  • Repucci, S., & Slipowitz, A. (2022). The global expansion of authoritarian rule. In Freedom House. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2022/global-expansion-authoritarian-rule
  • Saxer, M. (2009). Performance Matters: Challenge for the Democratic Model and Democracy Promotion. Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft. 3, 81-99.
  • Schumpeter, J. (1943). Capitalism Socialism and Democracy. In U. L. Gorge Allen. UK.
  • Stepan, A., & Robertson, G. B. (2003). An Arab More Than Muslim Democracy Gap. Journal of Democracy, 14 (3), 30–44.
  • Sorensen, G. (1993). Democracy and Democratization: Process and Prospects in a Changing World. Westview Press.
  • The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights. (2008). Egypt and the Impact of 27 eEars of Human Rights. The Egyptian Organization for Human Rights.
  • Tür, Ö. (2011). Mısır’da Ekonomik Kalkınma Çabaları. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (41), 183-194.
  • Salih el-Verdânî. (2011). Mısırda İslâmî Akımlar (Çev. H. Acar- Ş. Duman). Fecr.
  • Weipert-Fenner, I. (2020). The Autocratic Parliament: Power and Legitimacy in Egypt, 1866-2011. Syracuse University Press.
  • Zakaria, F. (1997). The RIse of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs, 76 (6) 22-43.
  • Polity IV Country Reports, Center for Systemic Peace, http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/mideast2.htm
  • Center for Systemic Peace, the Polity IV data set.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyasi Düşünce Tarihi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Flamur Ismaılı 0000-0003-3254-7126

Erdal Bayar 0000-0002-1726-7989

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Eylül 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ismaılı, F., & Bayar, E. (2024). Riding Samuel Huntington’s Waves of Democracy: Unveiling the Middle East’s Path and Egypt’s Democratic Quest. Akademik Tarih Ve Düşünce Dergisi, 11(4), 2513-2534.

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