DOĞANHİSAR 2 NOLU HARMAN AİLE SAĞLIĞI MERKEZİNE KAYITLI 20-70 YAŞ ARASI KADINLARIN KENDİ KENDİNE MEME MUAYENESİ HAKKINDA BİLGİ, TUTUM VE FARKINDALIKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI

Öz

Amaç: Kadınlarda kansere bağlı ölüme en çok sebep olan neden meme kanseri olup meme kanseri erken tanısı bu yüzden oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 20-70 yaş arası kadınların kendi kendine meme muayenesi hakkında bilgi, tutum ve farkındalıklarının araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma Konya ili Doğanhisar ilçesinde bulunan 2 No.lu Harman Aile Sağlığı Merkezine 1 Ağustos 2021- 1 Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında herhangi bir sağlık sorunu nedeniyle başvuran 20-70 yaş arası 1023 kadın hasta ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm katılımcılara Kendi Kendine Meme Muayenesi (KKMM) ile ilgili hazırlanmış 47 soruluk bir anket uygulanmıştır. Anketlerin verilerinin analizi SPSS 18.0 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan kadınların %57,2’si KKMM yaparken, %42,8’i KKMM yapmıyordu. KKMM nasıl yapılır sorusuna %33,6 oranında katılımcı bilmiyorum cevabı vermiştir. KKMM ve meme kanseri hakkında bilgi düzeyiniz yeterli mi sorusuna sırasıyla katılımcılar %66,7 ve %53,3 oranında hayır yanıtını vermişlerdir. KKMM’nin meme kanseri erken tanısında önemli olduğunu düşünen katılımcı oranı %90 iken, %94,2 kadın KKMM hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak istediğini belirtmiştir. KKMM yapma durumunu belirlemek için yapılan ikili karşılaştırmalarda ise KKMM yapma olasılığının klinik meme muayenesi olanlarda olmayanlara göre 2,195 kat; KKMM hakkında bilgi sahibi olanlarda olmayanlara göre 81,544 kat; KKMM hakkında bilgi düzeyi yeterli olanlarda olmayanlara göre 6,476 kat artış gösterdiği tespit edildi (p değerleri sırasıyla; p=0,013; p<0,001; p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda KKMM uygulamasının yapılmasını; klinik meme muayenesi olma, KKMM hakkında bilgi sahibi olma ve KKMM hakkında bilgi düzeyi değişkenleri anlamlı olarak etkilemiştir. Kadınların KKMM hakkında yüksek bilgi düzeyleri, KKMM yapmalarını pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Kadınların düzenli ve bilinçli olarak KKMM yapması, kadınların meme kanseri farkındalıklarını artıracaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• meme kanseri
• kendi kendine meme muayenesi
• klinik meme muayenesi

INVESTIGATION ON THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND AWARENESS OF ABOUT WOMEN AGED 20-70 REGISTERED TO DOĞANHİSAR NO. 2 HARMAN FAMILY HEALTH CENTER ABOUT BREAST SELF EXAMINATION

Öz

Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women, and early diagnosis of breast cancer is therefore very important. The aim of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and awareness about Breast Self Examination in women between the ages of 20-70 registered in Doğanhisar No. 2 Harman Family Health Center. Materials and Method: This study was carried out with 1023 female patients aged 20-70 years who applied to Doğanhisar No. 2 Harman Family Health Center in Doğanhisar district of Konya province between 1 August 2021 and 1 August 2022 due to any health problem. A 47-question questionnaire about Breast Self-Examination was administered to all participants. SPSS 18.0 program was used in the analysis of the data of the questionnaires. Results: While 57.2% of the women participating in the study performed BSE, 42.8% did not. While 33.6% of the participants gave the answer "I don't know" to the question of how BSE is done, 28.6% gave the correct answer. To the question of whether your level of knowledge about BSE and breast cancer is sufficient, 66.7% and 53.3% of the participants answered no, respectively. 9.8% of the participants answered the question when BSE should be done correctly. While 90% of the participants thought that BSE is important in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, 94.2% of women stated that they wanted to have information about BSE. In the multiple regression analysis performed with variables that were significant in pairwise comparisons to determine the status of performing BSE, the probability of performing BSE was 2.195 times higher in those who had clinical breast examination than those who did not; 81,544 times more for those who have knowledge about BSE than those who do not; It was determined that those who had sufficient knowledge about BSE showed an increase of 6.476 times compared to those who did not (p values respectively; p=0.013; p<0.001; p<0.001) Conclusion: In our study, the implementation of CBE (clinical breast examination) significantly influenced variables related to ondergoing clinical breast examination,being knowledgeable about CBE and the level of knowledge about CBE. High levels of knowledge about CBE positively influenced women’s adherence to CBE. Women’s regular and informed practice of CBE will increase their awareness of breast cancer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• breast cancer
• breast self examination
• clinical breast examination

Kaynakça

1. World Healthy Organizaton IARC (International Agency For Research On Cancer). Breast Cancer Today 2023. (İnternet) Erişim Tarihi:23.05.2024; https://gco.iarc.fr/
2. Erdem Ö, Toktaş İ. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about breast self-examination and mammography among female primary healthcare workers in Diyarbakır, Turkey. BioMed Research International, vol. 2016, p.1-6
3. Okyere J, Dey Ney, Owusu Ansah K, Thywill SE, Duodu PA. Prevalence and determinants of breast self-examination practices among women in their reproductive age in Namibia: an analysis of the 2013 Namibia demographic and Health Survey. BioMed Central Public Health, (2023). 23(1), p.1-12.
4. Thapa K, Rai G, Shrestha M, Pokharel N. Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female community health volunteers in Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Province No.1, Nepal. Journal of BP Koirala İnstitute of Health Sciences 2022. 5(2): p. 10-15.
5. Siddharth R, Gupta D, Narang R, Singh P. Knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer and breast self-examination among women seeking out-patient care in a teaching hospital in central India. Indian Journal of Cancer, 2016. 53(2), p. 226-229.
6. Al-Zalabani AH, Alharbi KD, Fallatah NI, Alqabshawi RI, Al-Zalabani AA, Alghamdi SM. Breast cancer knowledge and screening practice and barriers among women in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Cancer Education, 2018. 33, p. 201-207.
7. Suh MAB. Breast self-examination and breast cancer awareness in women in developing countries: a survey of women in Buea, Cameroon. BioMed Central Research Notes 2012. Vol. 5, p. 627.
8. Amare M. Assessment of Knowledge and practice of breast self examination among female undergraduate students in Addis Ababa University, College of Bussiness and Economics, Ethiopia. 2022, Addis Abeba Universty. (İnternet) Erişim Tarihi: 06.03.2023. http://repository.iifphc.org/ handle/123456789/1864

9. Aluko JO. Awareness, knowledge and practices of breast cancer screening measures among female postgraduate students of a Nigerian Federal University: a cross-sectional study. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 2014. 43(Suppl 1): p. 79.
10. Ögüç V, Aydoğan Ü. Sağlık çalışanı olan ve olmayan kadınlarda, meme kanseri risk faktörleri ve KKMM hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri. T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı GATA Askeri Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği ABD. 2015. Ulusal Tez Merkezi. (İnternet) Erişim Tarihi: 06.03.2023. https://tez.yok. gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonuc- Yeni.jsp. p. 53.
11. Yeshitila YG, Kassa GM, Gebeyehu S, Memiah P, Desta M. Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 2021. 16(1), e0245252.
12. Ghofranipour F, Pourhaji F. Determinants of breast cancer screening: Application of protection motivation theory. Determinants of breast cancer screening: Application of protection motivation theory. International Journal of Cancer Management: Published Online: May 18, 2020. Vol.13, issue 5; e100535
13. Israel E, Awoke N, Yakob T, Aynalem A, Talto A, Bezabih K. Determinants of breast self-examination practice among women attending pastoralist health facilities, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Bio Med Central Women's Health, 2023. 23(1), p 1-9.
14. Arsham. Sample size with acceptable absolute precision for finite populations. 2005. (http://home.ubalt,edu/nt sbarsh/Business- stat/ other applets/samplesize.htme).