Studies Examining the Effect of Racial Variation on Respiratory Function Tests Conducted Between 1832 and 2023: A Meta-Analysis Study

Öz

Abstract In this study, it was aimed to examine all randomized controlled studies including research on racial discrimination in pulmonary function test (PFT) signals in male and female individuals using the meta-analysis method. For the study, between May and July 2023; Search engines were searched using PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, NCBI, Dergipark and Ulakbim. Randomized controlled studies on all racial studies on pulmonary function test signals in male and female individuals, published between 1832 and 2023, were included in the systematic article. As a result of the research, 621 studies were examined. A total of 29.152.541 people took part in the literature studies. Studies were conducted in 49 different countries around the world and on 73 different races. It has been found in the literature that the lung capacity of full blacks is lower than that of whites. Researchers who conducted the research in the literature found that the vital capacity, FEV1 and FVC values of whites are greater than blacks, and they also found that the lung capacity of whites is greater than blacks, Chinese and Indians. The claim that black people have low lung capacity in studies conducted towards the end of the 19th century necessitated a meta-analysis study on this subject. In our study, racial studies in the literature were examined in detail by years and centuries. Thus, in our study, the wide vital capacity of white races and the lower vital capacity of black races compared to whites, along with their racial differences and racial consequences, were presented in four reports. It was determined that the average effect size on vital capacity differed according to race. Considering the effect sizes in these four reports, it is seen that the vital capacities of individuals increase over the years in lung volumes and capacities where PFT is used. With this method, when similar studies are carried out in the future, clearer interpretations will be possible as the data will increase. Keywords: Meta-analysis, racial discrimination, spirometry, pulmonary function tests, racial differences

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meta-analysis
• racial discrimination
• spirometry
• pulmonary function tests
• racial differences

Irk Değişikliklerinin Solunum Fonksiyon Testleri Üzerine Etkisi İnceleyen ve 1832- 2023 Yılları Arasındaki Yapılan Çalışmalar: Meta-Analiz Çalışması

Öz

Özet Bu çalışmada erkek ve kadın bireylerde solunum fonksiyon test (SFT) sinyalleri ile ilgili ırksal ayrıma yönelik araştırmaları içeren bütün randomize kontrollü çalışmaların meta-analiz yöntemiyle incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma için, Mayıs-Temmuz 2023 tarihleri arasında; PubMed, Wiley, Google Akademik, NCBI, Dergipark ve Ulakbim arama motorlarından tarama yapılmıştır. Sistematik makaleye 1832-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanmış, erkek ve kadın bireylerde solunum fonksiyon test sinyalleri ile İlgili bütün ırksal çalışmalara yönelik randomize kontrollü çalışmalar dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda 621 çalışma incelenmiştir. Literatür çalışmalarında ∑toplam 29.152.541 kişi yer almıştır. Çalışmalar Dünya’nın 49 farklı ülkesinde ve 73 farklı ırk üzerinde yapılmıştır. Literatürde araştırmayı yapan araştırmacılar beyaz ırkların siyahlara göre vital kapasitesinin, FEV1 ve FVC değerlerinin daha büyük olduğunu tespit etmişler ve beyazların akciğer kapasitesinin siyahlar, Çinliler ve Kızılderililerden de daha büyük olduğunu görmüşlerdir. 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru yapılan çalışmalarda siyah ırkın akciğer kapasitesinin düşük olduğu iddiası bu konuda bir meta-analiz çalışması yapmayı gerektirmiştir. Çalışmamızda literatürdeki ırksal çalışmalar yıllara ve yüzyıllara göre ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. Böylece çalışmamızda beyaz ırkların vital kapasitesi genişliği ve siyah ırkların vital kapasitesinin beyazlara göre daha düşüklüğü ile ırksal farklılıkları ve ırksal sonuçları ile birlikte dört rapor halinde ortaya koyulmuştur. Vital kapasite üzerindeki ortalama etki büyüklüğünün ırklara göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu dört rapordaki etki büyüklükleri dikkate alındığında SFT’nin kulanıldığı akciğer hacim ve kapasitelerinde bireylerin vital kapasitelerinin yıllar geçtikçe arttığı görülmektedir. Bu yöntemle ileride benzer çalışmalar yapıldığında veriler artacağından daha net yorumlar mümkün olacaktır. Anahtar kelimeler: Meta-analiz, ırk ayrımcılığı, spirometri, solunum fonksiyon testleri, ırksal farklılıklar

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meta-analiz
• ırk ayrımcılığı
• spirometri
• solunum fonksiyon testleri
• ırksal farklılıklar

Destekleyen Kurum

There is no institution or organization that provides financial support for the research, or no financial support was received from any person or organization in the preparation of the compilation article. The sources of financial and material support for this study are listed below: This study, derived from a master's thesis, was previously supported as a master's project within the scope of the Scientific Research Team.

Etik Beyan

This article has not been published anywhere else before or is not under review by any other journal at the time of submission. I declare that I have stated in writing that the article has not been published or submitted for publication anywhere else before. I also declare that my original research article, which has not been published, accepted or evaluated anywhere else, even in Turkish or any other language, has not been published.I declare that this article is my own work, that I have not committed any unethical behavior at all stages from the planning to the writing of the article, that I have obtained all the information in this article within academic and ethical rules, that I have cited all the information and comments that could not be obtained with this thesis study and included these sources in the list of sources, and that I have not committed any behavior that violated patent and copyrights during the work and writing of this article. This article has not been published anywhere else before or is not under review by any other journal at the time of submission. I declare that we have stated in writing that the article has not been published anywhere else before or has not been sent for publication. I also declare that our research compilation article, which has not been published, accepted or evaluated anywhere else, even in Turkish or any other language, has not been published.

Teşekkür

Acknowledgements I would like to thank the owner of the software program CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software). The author have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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