Obezite, Tip 2 Diyabet ve İnsülin Direnci Arasındaki Bağlantı: İnflamasyon

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 27 - 36, 15.10.2018

Cansu Özbayer Emine Yağcı , Hülyam Kurt

Öz

Tip 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), obezite ve fiziksel inaktiviteye bağlı olarak sıklıkla gözlemlenen,

periferik dokularda insülin direnci ve pankreatik β hücresi disfonksiyonu ile karakterize olan

kronik metabolik bir hastalıktır. İnsülin direnci, pankreas tarafından salgılanan insülinin yağ,

kas ve karaciğer hücrelerinde gerekli veya yeterli tepkiyi oluşturamaması durumudur. Obezite,

sıklıkla insülin direnci ve T2DM’nin de eşlik ettiği yağ dokunun aşırı artışıyla karakterize

metabolik bir hastalıktır. Yağ doku nedenli inflamasyon da, obezite ve insülin direncini birbirine

bağlar ve böylece T2DM’nin erken evresinde anahtar rol oynar. İnflamasyon, immün sistemin

doğal bir bileşeni olup, her türlü zararlı, yabancı ve yıkıcı etkene karşı organizmanın verdiği

doğal savunma yanıtıdır. Ancak inflamasyon, kişinin kendi dokularına karşı geliştiğinde,

yeterince kontrol edilemediği durumlarda veya kronik inflamasyon geliştiğinde diyabet, obezite

ve kanserin de içinde bulunduğu çeşitli patolojiler ortaya çıkmaktadır. İnflamasyon mekanizması;

interlökinler, interferonlar, TNF-α, MAP-kinazlar, Toll-like reseptörler, NF-kB gibi kemokin,

kemokin reseptörleri ve sitokinlerden oluşan çok sayıda anahtar düzenleyiciyi içerir.

İnflamasyonun, insülin direnci üzerine olan önemli etkisi bilinmekle birlikte günümüzde

inflamasyonun T2DM ve obezite üzerine etkisi henüz aydınlatılamamıştır. Derlememizde

insülin direnci, obezite, T2DM hastalıklarının inflamasyonla ilişkisi incelenecek ve inflamatuvar

süreçte görev alan temel genler ayrıntılı olarak ele alınacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tip 2 diyabet, Obezite, İnflamasyon, İnsülin direnci

Kaynakça

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