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The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in the Effect of Emotional Labor on Turnover Intention: A Study on Food and Beverage Businesses

Yıl 2022, , 145 - 162, 29.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1079035

Öz

Emotional labor is especially important in the service sector. In food and beverage enterprises where emotional labor is intense, this situation reveals the problem of turnover intention. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of organizational commitment in the effect of emotional labor on turnover intention. The research was conducted on 312 employees working in food and beverage enterprises between 11.11.2021 and 10.01.2022. Unlike previous studies, sub-dimensions of variables were also included in the analyses. SPSS and Process v4.0 were used to analyze the data. According to the analysis results, organizational commitment has a mediating role on the surface and naturally acting dimensions of emotional labor on the turnover intention. However, no mediating role of organizational commitment has been found in the effect of the deep acting dimension of emotional labor on the turnover intention. Research results show that organizational commitment is essential for food and beverage businesses. Organizational commitment can be a solution for the stress and turnover problem created by emotional labor.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, S., & Çevirgen, A. (2021). Duygusal Emeğin Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisi: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.873888
  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
  • Allen, T., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work-Family Conflict and Flexible Work Arrangements: Deconstructing Flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12012
  • Anaç, A. S. (2021). İşe Bağlılığın İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Duygusal Emeğin Aracılık Rolü: Antalya’da Bulunan Beş Yıldızlı Otel Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Çalışma. Doktora Tezi, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88–115. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997508
  • Aslan, H., & Büyükbeşe, T. (2019). Psikolojik Sermaye ve Duygusal Emeğin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 11(2), 949–963. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.647
  • Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02512353
  • Basım, N., & Begenirbaş, M. (2012). Çalışma Yaşamında Duygusal Emek: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 19(1), 77–90.
  • Begenirbas, M., & Çalışkan, A. (2014). Duygusal Emeğin İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Kişilerarası Çarpıklığın Aracılık Rolü. Business and Economics Research Journal, 5(2), 109–127.
  • Bozionelos, N., & Kiamou, K. (2008). Emotion work in the Hellenic frontline services environment: how it relates to emotional exhaustion and work attitudes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(6), 1108–1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802051410
  • Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., & Iskin, I. (2011). Factors affecting intention to quit among IT professionals in Turkey. Personnel Review, 40(4), 514–533. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111133363
  • Chau, S. L., Dahling, J. J., Levy, P. E., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). A predictive study of emotional labor and turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(8), 1151–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.617
  • Chu, K. H., Baker, M. A., & Murrmann, S. K. (2012). When we are onstage, we smile: The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 906–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.10.009
  • Cote, S., & Morgan, L. M. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(8), 947–962. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.174
  • Dağlı, A., Elçiçek, Z., & Han, B. (2018). Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği̇ni̇n Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerli̇k Ve Güveni̇rli̇k Çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(68), 1765–1777. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.445932
  • Dedeoğlu, B. B., & Demirer, H. (2015). Differences in service quality perceptions of stakeholders in the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(1), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2013-0350
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Duygusal Emeğin İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Örgütsel Bağlılığın Aracılık Rolü: Yiyecek İçecek İşletmeleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2022, , 145 - 162, 29.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1079035

Öz

Özellikle hizmet sektöründe duygusal emeğin önemi büyüktür. Duygusal emeğin yoğun yaşandığı yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde bu durum işten ayrılma sorununu ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı duygusal emeğin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolünü araştırmaktır. Araştırma 11.11.2021-10.01.2022 tarihleri arasında yiyecek içecek işletmelerinin 312 çalışanı üzerinde yapılmıştır. Önceki araştırmalardan farklı olarak değişkenlerin alt boyutları da analizlere dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin analiz edilmesinde SPSS ve Process v4.0 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre duygusal emeğin yüzeysel ve samimi davranış boyutlarının işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık etkisi bulunmaktadır. Ancak duygusal emeğin derin davranış boyutunun işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın herhangi bir aracılık rolü tespit edilmemiştir. Araştırma sonuçları örgütsel bağlılığın yiyecek içecek işletmeleri için önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Duygusal emeğin yaratabileceği stres ve işten ayrılma sorunu için örgütsel bağlılık işletmeler açısından bir çözüm yolu olabilir. 

Kaynakça

  • Acar, S., & Çevirgen, A. (2021). Duygusal Emeğin Örgütsel Bağlılığa Etkisi: Konaklama İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.873888
  • Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
  • Allen, T., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work-Family Conflict and Flexible Work Arrangements: Deconstructing Flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12012
  • Anaç, A. S. (2021). İşe Bağlılığın İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Duygusal Emeğin Aracılık Rolü: Antalya’da Bulunan Beş Yıldızlı Otel Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Çalışma. Doktora Tezi, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi.
  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional Labor in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88–115. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997508
  • Aslan, H., & Büyükbeşe, T. (2019). Psikolojik Sermaye ve Duygusal Emeğin Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 11(2), 949–963. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.647
  • Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02512353
  • Basım, N., & Begenirbaş, M. (2012). Çalışma Yaşamında Duygusal Emek: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 19(1), 77–90.
  • Begenirbas, M., & Çalışkan, A. (2014). Duygusal Emeğin İş Performansı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Kişilerarası Çarpıklığın Aracılık Rolü. Business and Economics Research Journal, 5(2), 109–127.
  • Bozionelos, N., & Kiamou, K. (2008). Emotion work in the Hellenic frontline services environment: how it relates to emotional exhaustion and work attitudes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(6), 1108–1130. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190802051410
  • Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., & Iskin, I. (2011). Factors affecting intention to quit among IT professionals in Turkey. Personnel Review, 40(4), 514–533. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483481111133363
  • Chau, S. L., Dahling, J. J., Levy, P. E., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2009). A predictive study of emotional labor and turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(8), 1151–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.617
  • Chu, K. H., Baker, M. A., & Murrmann, S. K. (2012). When we are onstage, we smile: The effects of emotional labor on employee work outcomes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(3), 906–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.10.009
  • Cote, S., & Morgan, L. M. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(8), 947–962. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.174
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  • Dedeoğlu, B. B., & Demirer, H. (2015). Differences in service quality perceptions of stakeholders in the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(1), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2013-0350
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  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (5. baskı). Ankara: Asil Yayın.
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  • Keleş, Y., & Tuna, M. (2018). Turizm İşletmelerinde Duygusal Emek : Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 5(2), 129–140.
  • Kerse, G., & Özdemir, Ş. (2018). Sağlık Sektörü Çalışanlarının Duygusal Emek Davranışları Örgütsel Bağlılık ile Açıklanabilir mi ? Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 21(1), 151–163.
  • Khorakian, A., Nosrati, S., & Eslami, G. (2018). Conflict at work, job embeddedness, and their effects on intention to quit among women employed in travel agencies: Evidence from a religious city in a developing country. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(2), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2174
  • Kim, H. J. (2008). Hotel service providers’ emotional labor: The antecedents and effects on burnout. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.07.019
  • Kitapçı, H., Kaynak, R., & Ökten, S. S. (2013). Güçlendirmenin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi: Kamu ve Özel Sektörde Mukayeseli Bir Araştıma. International Review of Economics and Management, 1(1), 49–73.
  • Korkmaz, H., Sünnetçioğlu, S., & Koyuncu, M. (2015). Duygusal Emek Davranışlarının Tükenmişlik Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İle İlişkisi: Yiyecek İçecek Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(12), 14–33. https://doi.org/10.20875/sb.88930
  • Kulualp, H., & Savaşkan, Y. (2019). “Kadın Çalışanlarda İş-Aile Çatışması, Duygusal Emek ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, (25), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.559969
  • Lapointe, É., Morin, A. J. S., Courcy, F., Boilard, A., & Payette, D. (2011). Workplace Affective Commitment, Emotional Labor and Burnout: A Multiple Mediator Model. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v7n1p3
  • Lee, J. (Jay), Ok, C. “Michael”, Lee, S.-H., & Lee, C.-K. (2018). Relationship between Emotional Labor and Customer Orientation among Airline Service Employees: Mediating Role of Depersonalization. Journal of Travel Research, 57(3), 324–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287517696978
  • Lee, J. H. (Jay), & Ok, C. M. (2014). Understanding hotel employees’ service sabotage: Emotional labor perspective based on conservation of resources theory. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.014
  • Lee, J. H. J., & Ok, C. (2012). Reducing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction: Critical role of hotel employees’ emotional intelligence and emotional labor. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(4), 1101–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.01.007
  • Lee, L., & Madera, J. M. (2019). A systematic literature review of emotional labor research from the hospitality and tourism literature. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(7), 2808–2826. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2018-0395
  • Li, J. (Justin), Wong, I. A., & Kim, W. G. (2017). Does mindfulness reduce emotional exhaustion? A multilevel analysis of emotional labor among casino employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 64, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.03.008
  • Lv, Q., Xu, S., & Ji, H. (2012). Emotional Labor Strategies, Emotional Exhaustion, and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Study of Chinese Hotel Employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 11(2), 87–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2012.648837
  • Marşap, A., & Güler, H. N. (2018). Duygusal Emek, Tükenmişlik ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti: Cinsiyet ve İş Deneyimine Göre Farklılıkların İncelenmesi. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 10(3), 488–507. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.484
  • Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi AMOS Uygulamaları (2. baskı). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to Organizations and Occupations: Extension and Test of a Three-Component Conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(4), 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538
  • Newnham, M. P. (2017). A comparison of the enactment and consequences of emotional labor between frontline hotel workers in two contrasting societal cultures. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 16(2), 192–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2016.1202729
  • Ngatuni, P., & Matoka, C. (2018). Relationships among job satisfaction, organisational affective commitment and turnover intentions of university academicians in Tanzania. The Pan-African Journal of Business management, 4(1), 47–68.
  • Nikmah, U., & Sulistyarini, I. (2017). Emotional Labor and Organizational Commitment among Hospital Nurses: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Management Research (ICBMR-17). https://doi.org/10.2991/icbmr-17.2017.39
  • Öz, E. Ü. (2007). Duygusal Emek Davranışlarının Çalışanların İş Sonuçlarına Etkisi. İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi.
  • Polat, M. (2021). Örgütsel Bağlılığın Demografik Özellikler Açısından İncelenmesi: Kahramanmaraş Otelcilik Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 49, 254–272. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.867726
  • Polat, S., & Uğurlu, C. (2009). İlköğretim Müfettişlerinin Örgütsel Bağlılık, Mesleki Tükenmişlik ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetleri Arasındaki İlişki. e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy Education Sciences, 5(3), 12–42.
  • Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1987). Expression of Emotion as Part of the Work Role. Academy of Management Review, 12(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306444
  • Rathi, N., Bhatnagar, D., & Mishra, S. K. (2013). Effect of Emotional Labor on Emotional Exhaustion and Work Attitudes among Hospitality Employees in India. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 12(3), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2013.769142
  • Scales, A. N., & Quincy Brown, H. (2020). The effects of organizational commitment and harmonious passion on voluntary turnover among social workers: A mixed methods study. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104782
  • Seery, B. L., & Corrigall, E. A. (2009). Emotional labor: links to work attitudes and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(8), 797–813. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940910996806
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  • Shapoval, V. (2019). Organizational injustice and emotional labor in the hospitality industry: A theoretical review. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83(March), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.04.002
  • Sharpe, E. K. (2005). “Going above and beyond:” The emotional labor adventure guides. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2005.11950039
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  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6. baskı). Boston, New York: MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.
  • Tsaur, S.-H., Liang, Y.-W., & Hsu, H.-J. (2012). A Multidimensional Measurement of Work-Leisure Conflict. Leisure Sciences, 34(5), 395–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2012.714701
  • Wang, C. J. (2019). From emotional labor to customer loyalty in hospitality: A three-level investigation with the JD-R model and COR theory. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(9), 3742–3760. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2019-0072
  • Yağcı, P. (2020). Duygusal emek, tükenmişlik, örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti ilişkisi: Animatörler üzerine bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Yang, F.-H., & Chang, C.-C. (2008). Emotional labour, job satisfaction and organizational commitment amongst clinical nurses: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45(6), 879–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.02.001
  • Yeşil, S., & Mavi, Y. (2018). Duygusal Emeğin Etkilediği Faktörler Üzerine Bir Alan Araştırması. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 29–44.
  • Yürür, S., & Ünlü, O. (2011). Duygusal Emek , Duygusal Tükenme ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisi. “İşGüç” Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 13(2), 81–104. https://doi.org/10.4026/1303-2860.2010.174.x
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Polat 0000-0002-5591-5422

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Şubat 2022
Kabul Tarihi 10 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Polat, M. (2022). Duygusal Emeğin İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisinde Örgütsel Bağlılığın Aracılık Rolü: Yiyecek İçecek İşletmeleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma. GSI Journals Serie A: Advancements in Tourism Recreation and Sports Sciences, 5(2), 145-162. https://doi.org/10.53353/atrss.1079035
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