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Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology

Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2 25 Aralık 2025
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Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology

Öz

In the realm of modern integrated circuit design, the need for efficient, low-power, and high-accuracy systems has led to the development of advanced circuit components. This study focuses on the design and integration of Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuits, Low-Dropout (LDO) regulators, and Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) to enhance the performance of low-power integrated systems. These circuits address critical challenges, including temperature stability, power efficiency, and frequency accuracy, making them indispensable for applications in mobile devices, communication systems, and embedded electronics. The proposed designs have been developed using 90 nm CMOS technology and validated through extensive simulations. Key performance metrics such as temperature coefficient, power consumption, phase noise, and output stability have been optimized to demonstrate the practical applicability of the circuits. The findings highlight the potential for combining BGR, LDO, and VCO circuits to achieve a unified solution that meets the demands of modern low-power electronic systems. This work not only contributes to the advancement of circuit design methodologies but also sets the stage for future innovations in mixed-signal and low-power integrated circuits. By addressing the interplay between these components, the study provides a foundation for developing more efficient, reliable, and versatile electronic systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bandgap Reference, Low-Dropout, Voltage-Controlled Oscillator, Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, Temperature coefficient

Destekleyen Kurum

Teknofest Organizasyonu

Etik Beyan

Bu makalenin yazar(lar)ı çalışmalarında kullandıkları materyal ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal-özel bir izin gerektirmediğini beyan ederler.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma 2024 TEKNOFEST Çip Tasarım Yarışması'nın Analog Kategorisinde 4. olma başarısını elde etti. Yazarlar, tasarım ve simülasyon altyapısını sağladıkları için TEKNOFEST organizasyonuna teşekkür ederler.

Kaynakça

  1. [1] Razavi, B. (2021). The design of a low-voltage bandgap reference, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine 13(3), 6-16.
  2. [2] Banba, H., Shiga, H., Umezawa, A., Miyaba, T., Tanzawa, T., Atsumi, S., Sakui, K. (1999). A CMOS bandgap reference circuit with sub-1-V operation, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 34(5), 670-674.
  3. [3] Pakravan, E., Mojarad, M., Mashoufi, B. (2023). A low-power bandgap voltage reference circuit with ultra-low temperature coefficient. In Proceedings of the 5th Iranian International Conference on Microelectronics (IICM2023), 16-20.
  4. [4] Hongprasit, S., Sa-ngiamvibool, W., Aurasopon, A. (2012). Design of bandgap core and startup circuits for all CMOS bandgap voltage reference, Przegląd Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review) 88(4a), 277-280.
  5. [5] Lee, C.-L., Sidek, R. M., Rokhani, F. Z., Sulaiman, N. (2015). A low power bandgap voltage reference for low-dropout regulator. In Proceedings of RSM 2015.
  6. [6] Khan, D., Basim, M., Qurrat-ul-Ain, Q., Shah, S. A. A., Shehzad, K., Verma, D., Lee, K. Y. (2022). Design of a power regulated circuit with multiple LDOs for SoC applications, Electronics 11(17), 2774.
  7. [7] Bhuiyan, M. A. S., Hossain, M. R., Minhad, K. N., Haque, F., Hemel, M. S. K., Dawi, O. M., Reaz, M. B. I., Ooi, K. J. A. (2022). CMOS low-dropout voltage regulator design trends: An overview, Electronics 11(2), 193.
  8. [8] Zhang, R., Liu, Z., Wang, X. (2021). A capacitor-less LDO with nested Miller compensation and bulk-driven techniques in 90 nm CMOS. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Circuits, Systems and Simulation (ICCSS), 51-55.
  9. [9] Magod, R., Suda, N., Ivanov, V., Balasingam, R., Bakkaloglu, B. (2017). A low-noise output capacitorless low-dropout regulator with a switched-RC bandgap reference, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32(4), 2856-2864.
  10. [10] Hajimiri, A., Lee, T. H. (1998). A general theory for phase noise in electrical oscillators, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 33(2), 179-194.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Baysal, E., Reyhan, U., Ersöz, B., Sungur, E. B., Zini, Y., & Tanrıkulu, M. Y. (2025). Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Bilim Dergisi, 1(2), 50-61. https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD
AMA
1.Baysal E, Reyhan U, Ersöz B, Sungur EB, Zini Y, Tanrıkulu MY. Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology. ATUJSCIENCE. 2025;1(2):50-61. https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD
Chicago
Baysal, Emre, Ulaş Reyhan, Berke Ersöz, Emre Berkan Sungur, Yılmaz Zini, ve M. Yusuf Tanrıkulu. 2025. “Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology”. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Bilim Dergisi 1 (2): 50-61. https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD.
EndNote
Baysal E, Reyhan U, Ersöz B, Sungur EB, Zini Y, Tanrıkulu MY (01 Aralık 2025) Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Bilim Dergisi 1 2 50–61.
IEEE
[1]E. Baysal, U. Reyhan, B. Ersöz, E. B. Sungur, Y. Zini, ve M. Y. Tanrıkulu, “Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology”, ATUJSCIENCE, c. 1, sy 2, ss. 50–61, Ara. 2025, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD
ISNAD
Baysal, Emre - Reyhan, Ulaş - Ersöz, Berke - Sungur, Emre Berkan - Zini, Yılmaz - Tanrıkulu, M. Yusuf. “Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology”. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Bilim Dergisi 1/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 50-61. https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD.
JAMA
1.Baysal E, Reyhan U, Ersöz B, Sungur EB, Zini Y, Tanrıkulu MY. Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology. ATUJSCIENCE. 2025;1:50–61.
MLA
Baysal, Emre, vd. “Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology”. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi Bilim Dergisi, c. 1, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 50-61, https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD.
Vancouver
1.Emre Baysal, Ulaş Reyhan, Berke Ersöz, Emre Berkan Sungur, Yılmaz Zini, M. Yusuf Tanrıkulu. Design and Simulations of a Stable Oscillator Circuit in 90 nm CMOS Technology. ATUJSCIENCE [Internet]. 01 Aralık 2025;1(2):50-61. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA66DF25DD