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Tracking the past - paleolimnology

Yıl 2018, , 201 - 215, 31.10.2018

Ceran Şekeryapan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000198

Öz

Lakes contain huge amount of information in their sediments. Through collecting their sediments we can
go back in time and reveal past environmental conditions that are not possible to obtain via contemporary
sampling. Paleolimnology, studing of lake sediments, has been popular since about four decades and there have
been several studies that have also been conducted in some of the lakes located in Anatolia. Here there is a
summary of paleolimnological studies in different parts of Anatolia and brief information about reconstructed past
environmental changes since Late Glacial using their lacustrine archives. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paleolimnology Turkey lake sediments long cores paleoclimate

Kaynakça

  • Akyildiz, G.K.; Duran, M. (2012) “Preliminary Results on Development of a Chironomid- Based Mean July Air Temperatura Inference Model for the Turkish Lakes”, Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, Supplement: 4, 175-186.
  • Alley, R.B.; Agustsdottir, A.M. (2005) “The 8k event: cause and consequences of a major Holocene abrupt climate change”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, 1123–1149.
  • Alley, R.B.; Mayewski, P.A.; Sowers, T.; Stuiver, M.; Taylor, K.C.; Clark, P.U. (1997) “Holocene climatic instability: Aprominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago”, Geology, 25/6, 483-486.
  • Anderson, N.J. (1995) “Using the past to predict the future: lake sediments and the modelling of limnological disturbance”, Ecological Modelling, 78, 149-172.
  • Anderson, N.J.; Bugmann, H.; Dearing, J.A.; Gaillard, M-J. (2006) “Linking palaeoenvironmental data and models to understand the past and to predict the future”, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21/12, 696-704.
  • Appleby, P.G. (2001) “Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 171-203.
  • Bartov, Y.; Goldstein, S.L.; Stein, M.; Enzel, Y. (2003) “Catastrophic arid episodes in the Eastern Mediterranean linked with the North Atlantic Heinrich events”, Geology, 31/5, 439-442.
  • Battarbee, R.W. (1986) “Diatom analysis”, In Berglund, B.E. (ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 527-570.
  • Battarbee, R.W. (1994) “Diatoms, lake acidification and the Surface Water Acidification Programme (SWAP): a review”, Hydrobiologia, 274, 1-7.
  • Battarbee, R.W.; Jones, V.J.; Flower, R.J.; Cameron, N.G.; Bennion, H.; Carvalho, L.; Juggins, S. (2001) “Diatoms”, In Smol, J.P; Birks, H.J.B. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 3. Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 155-202.
  • Bennion, H. (1994) “A diatom-phosphorous transfer function for shallow, eutrophic ponds in southeast England”, Hydrobiologia, 275/276, 391-410.
  • Bennion, H.; Appleby, P.G.; Phillips, G.L. (2001) “Reconstructing nutrient histories in the Norfolk Broads, UK: implications for the role of diatom-total phosphorus transfer functions in shallow lake management”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 26, 181–204.
  • Birks, H.J.B.; Line, J.M.; Juggins, S.; Stevenson, A.C.; Terbraak, C.J.F. (1990) “Diatoms and Ph reconstruction”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 327 (1240), 263-278.
  • Björck, S.; Wohlfarth, B. (2004) “14C chronostratigraphic techniques in paleolimnology”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 205-245.
  • Bond,G.; Showers, W.; Cheseby, M.; Lotti, R.; Almasi, P.; deMenocal, P.; Priore, P.; Cullen, H.; Hajdas, I.; Bonani G. (1997), “A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates”, Science, 278, 1257-1266.
  • Bottema, S. (1995) “Ancient Palynology. In Science in Archeology: A Review”, American Journal of Archaeology, 99/1, 79- 142.
  • Bradley, R. S. (1985) Quaternary Paleoclimatology. Methods of Paleoclimatic Reconstruction, Allen & Unwin., USA, UK, Australia.
  • Charles, D. F.; Smol, J.P. (1990) “The PIRLA II project: Regional assessment of lake acidification trends”, Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen, 24, 474-480.
  • Coppen, J.; Özen, A.; Tavşanoğlu, Ü.N.; Erdoğan, Ş.; Levi, E.E.; Yozgatlıgil, C.; Jeppesen, E.; Beklioğlu, M. (2016) “Impact of alternating wet and dry periods on long-term seasonal phosphorus and nitrogen budgets of two shallow Mediterranean lakes”, Science of the Total Environment, 563–564, 456–467.
  • Cullen, H.M.; deMenocal, P.B.; Hemming, S.; Hemming, G.; Brown, F.H.; Guilderson, T.; Sirocko, F. (2000) “Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea”, Geology, 28/4, 379-382.
  • Cumming, B. F.; Stool, J.P.; Kingston, J.C.; Charles, D.F.; Birks, H.J.B.; Camburn, K.E.; Dixit, S.S.; Uutala, A.J.; Selle, A.R. (1992) “How much acidification has occurred in the Adirondack region (N.Y., U.S.A.) lakes since preindustrial times?”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 128-141.
  • Dansgaard, W.; Johnsen, S.J.; Clausen, H.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Gundestrup, N.S.; Hammer, C.U.; Hvidberg, C.S.; Steffensen, J.P.; Sveinbjörnsdottir, A.E.; Jouzel, J.; Bond, G. (1993) “Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250- kyr ice-core record”, Nature, 364, 218-220.
  • Dean, J.R.; Jones, M.D.; Leng, M.J.; Noble, S.R.; Metcalfe, S.E.; Sloane, H.J.; Sahy, D.; Eastwood, W.J.; Roberts, N.C. (2015) “Eastern Mediterranean hydroclimate over the late glacial and Holocene, reconstructed from the sediments of Nar Lake, central Turkey, using stable isotopes and carbonate mineralogy”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 124, 162–174.
  • deMenocal, P.; Ortiz, J.; Guilderson, T.; Sarnthein, M. (2000) “Coherent high- and low-latitude climate variability during the Holocene warm period”, Science, 288, 2198–2202.
  • Eastwood, W.J.; Roberts, N.; Lamb, H.F.; Tibby, J.C. (1999a) “Holocene environmental change in southwest Turkey: a palaeoecological record of lake and catchment-related changes”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 18, 671-695.
  • Eastwood, W.J.; Pearce, N.J.G.; Westgate, J.A.; Perkins, W.T.; Lamb, H.F.; Roberts, N. (1999b) “Geochemistry of Santorini tephra in lake sediments from southwest Turkey”, Global and Planetary Change, 21, 17–29.
  • Eastwood, W.J.; Leng, M.J.; Roberts, N.; Davis, B. (2007) “Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: a comparison of stable isotope and pollen data from Lake Gölhisar, southwest Turkey”, Journal of Quaternary Science, 22/4, 327-341.
  • England, A.; Eastwood, W. J.; Roberts, C. N.; Turner, R.; Haldon, J.F. (2008) “Historical landscape change in Cappadocia (central Turkey): a palaeoecological investigation of annually laminated sediments from Nar lake”, The Holocene, 18/8, 1229–1245.
  • Flower, R.J. (2016) “A personal perspective on four decades of paleolimnology and environmental change research”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 57/2, 109-125.
  • Flower, R.J. (1993) “Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material”, Hydrobiologia, 269/1, 473-484.
  • Fontugne, M.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Karabiyikoğlu, M.; Hatte, C.; Pastre, J.F. (1999) “From Pleniglacial to Holocene: a 14C chronostratigraphy of environmental changes in the Konya Plain, Turkey”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 18, 573-591.
  • Frey, D.G. (1960) “The Ecological Significance of Cladoceran Remains in Lake Sediments”, Ecology, 41/4, 684-699.
  • Fritz S.C.; Juggins, S.; Batterbee, R.W.; Engstrom, D.R. (1991) “Reconstruction of past changes in salinity and climate using a diatom-based transfer function”, Nature, 352(6337), 706-708.
  • Glew, J.R.; Smol, J.P.; Last, W.M. (2004) “Sediment core collection and extrusion”, In Last,W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 73-105.
  • Grootes, P.M.; Stuiver, M.; White, J.W.C.; Johnsen, S.J.; Jouzel, J. (1993) “Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice core”, Nature, 366(6455), 552-554.
  • Hann, B.J. (1989) “Methods in Quaternary Ecology #6. Cladocera”, Geoscience Canada, 16/1, 17-26.
  • Holmes, J.A. (2001) “Ostracoda”, In Smol, J.P.; Birks, H.J.B.; Last, W.M. (ed.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4. Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 125-151.
  • Ingemar, R. (1990) “A procedure for preparing large sets of diatom slides from sediment cores”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 4, 87-90. Jones, M.D.; Roberts, C.N.; Leng, M.J.; Türkeş, M. (2006) “A high-resolution late Holocene lake isotope record from Turkey and links to North Atlantic and monsoon climate”, Geology, 34. 361-364.
  • Juggins, S. (2011) “Quantitative Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions: Progress and Problems”, 5th International Limnogeological Congress, Konstanz-Germany, Abstract Book, pp. 30.
  • Kashima, K.; Matsubara, H.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (1997) “Diatom asseblages from inland saline lakes in the central part of Turkey - Their application for quantitative reconstraction of paleosalinity changes during the late Quaternary”, Japan Review, 8, 235-249.
  • Kashima, K. (2002) “Environmental and climatic changes during the last 20,000 years at Lake Tuz, central Turkey”, Catena, 48, 3-20.
  • Kashima, K. (2003) “The quantitative reconstruction of salinity changes using diatom assemblages in Inland saline lakes in the central part of Turkey during the Late Quaternary”, Quaternary Internationa1, l05, 13-19.
  • Kashima, K. (2011) “Climatic Changes and their Influences for the Archaeological Events during the Holocene in Central Turkey and Northern Syria”, Transactions, Japanese Geomorphological Union, 32/2, 108-114.
  • Korhola, A.; Rautio, M. (2001) “Cladocera and other branchiopod crustaceans”, In Smol, J.P.; Birks, H.J.B.; Last, W.M. (ed.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4. Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 5-41.
  • Lamoureux, S. (2001) “Varve chronology techniques”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 107-135.
  • Landmann, G.; Reimer, A.; Lemcke, G.; Kempe, S. (1996) “Dating Late Glacial abrupt climate changes in the 14,570 yr long continuous varve record of Lake Van, Turkey”, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 122, 107-118.
  • Leroy, S.; Kazanc|, N.; İleri, Ö.; Kibar, M.; Emre, O.; McGee, E.; Griffiths, H.I. (2002) “Abrupt environmental changes within a late Holocene lacustrine sequence south of the Marmara Sea (Lake Manyas, N-WTurkey): possible links with seismic events”, Marine Geology, 3176, 1-22.
  • Leroy, S.A.G.; Colman, S.M. (2004) “Coring and drilling equipment and procedures for recovery of long lacustrine sequences”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 107-135.
  • Leroy, S.A.G.; Schwab, M.J.; Costa, P.J.M. (2010) “Seismic influence on the last 1500-year infill history of Lake Sapanca (North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey)”, Tectonophysics, 480 (1–4), 15–27.
  • Litt, T.; Krastel, S.; Sturm, M.; Kipfer, R.; Örcen, S.; Heumann, G.; Franz, S. O.; Ülgen, U. B.; Niessen, F. (2009) ““PALEOVAN”, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives”, Quaternary Scientific Review, 28, 1555– 1567.
  • Miebach, A.; Niestrath, P.; Roeser, P.; Litt, T. (2016) “Impacts of climate and humans on the vegetation in northwestern Turkey: palynological insights from Lake Iznik since the Last Glacial”, Climate of the Past, 12, 575-593.
  • Ojala, A.E.K.; Fancus, P.; Zolitschka, B.; Besonen, M.; Lamoureux, S.F. (2012) “Characteristics of sedimentary varve chronologies - A review”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 43, 45-60.
  • Pickarski, N.; Kwiecien, O.; Djamali, M.; Litt, T. (2015) “Vegetation and environmental changes during the last interglacial in eastern Anatolia (Turkey): a new high-resolution pollen record from Lake Van”, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 435, 145-158.
  • Rasmussen, S.O.; Andersen, K.K.; Svensson, A.M.; Steffensen, J.P.; Vinther, B.M.; Clausen, H.B.; Siggaard-Andersen, M.L.; Johnsen, S.J.; Larsen, L.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Bigler, M..; Röthlisberger, R.; Fischer, H.; Goto-Azuma, K.; Hansson, M.E.; Ruth, U. (2006) “A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D06102.
  • Reed, J.; Mezquita, F. (2011) “Quantifying and qualifying salinity response: transfer functions and underlying uncertainty in diatom and ostracod training sets from Turkish salt lakes”, 5th International Limnogeological Congress, KonstanzGermany, Abstract Book, pp. 88.
  • Reed, J.M.; Mezquita-Joanes, F.; Griffiths, H.I. (2012) “Multi-indicator conductivity transfer functions for Quaternary palaeoclimate reconstruction”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 47, 251-275.
  • Reed, J.M. (1998) “Diatom preservation in the recent sediment record of Spanish saline lakes: implications for palaeoclimate study”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 19, 129–137.
  • Reid, M.A.; Ogden, R.W. (2006) “Trend, variability or extreme event? The importance of long term perspectives in river ecology”, River Research and Applications, 22, 167-177.
  • Roberts, N.; Reed, J.M.; Leng, M.J.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Fontugne, M.; Bertaux, J.; Woldring, H.; Bottema, S.; Black, S.; Hunt, E.; Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2001) “The tempo of Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: New highresolution crater-lake sediments data from central Turkey”, The Holocene, 11, 721–736.
  • Roberts, N.; Jones, M.D.; Benkaddour, A.; Eastwood, W.J.; Filippi, M.L.; Frogley, M.R.; Lamb, H.F.; Leng, M.J.; Reed, J.M.; Stein, M.; Stevens, L.; Valero-Garces, B.; Zanchetta, G. (2008) “Stable isotope records of Late Quaternary climate and hydrology from Mediterranean lakes: the ISOMED synthesis”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 27, 2426–2441.
  • Roberts, N.; Eastwood, W.J.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Fiorentino, G.; Caracuta, V. (2011) “Climatic, vegetation and cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene environmental transition”, The Holocene, 21/1, 147–162.
  • Roberts, N.; Allcock, S.L.; Arnaud, F.; Dean, J.R.; Eastwood, W.J.; Jones, M.D.; Leng, M.J.; Metcalfe, S.E.; Malet, E., Woodbridge, J.; Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2016) “A tale of two lakes: a multi-proxy comparison of Lateglacial and Holocene environmental change in Cappadocia, Turkey”, Journal of Quaternary Science, 31, 348–362.
  • Rose, N. (2008) “Quality control in the analysis of lake sediments for spheroidal carbonaceous particles”, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 6, 172-179.
  • Rose, N. (2001) “Fly-ash particles”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 2. Physical and Chemical Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 319-349.
  • Sawai, Y.; Fujii, Y.; Fujiwara, O.; Kamataki, T.; Komatsubara, J.; Okamura, Y.; Satake, K.; Shishikura, M. (2008) “Marine incursions of the past 1500 years and evidence of tsunamis at Suijin-numa, a coastal lake facing the Japan Trench”, The Holocene, 18/4, 517-528.
  • Smol, J.P. (1992) “Paleolimnology: an important tool for effective ecosystem management”, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, 1, 49-58.
  • Smol, J.P. (1995) “Paleolimnological approaches to the evaluation and monitoring of ecosystem health: providing a history for environmental damage and recovery”, In Rapport, D.J.; Gaudet, C.L.; Calow, P. (ed.), Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, 302–318.
  • Smol, J.P. (2008) Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: a paleoenvironmental perspective (2nd ed). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Sekeryapan, C. (2011) Paleolimnological Investigations From Modern Coastal Lakes on Thrace and Black Sea Coast of Turkey During the Mid-late Holocene, Ph.D. Thesis. Metu, Ankara.
  • Sullivan, T. J.; Charles, D.F.; Stool, J.P.; Cumming, B.F.; Selle, A.R.; Thomas, D.R.; Bernert, J.A.; Dixit, S.S. (1990) “Quantification of changes in lakewater chemistry in response to acidic deposition”, Nature, 345, 54-58.
  • Tilman, D. (1989) “Ecological experimentation: strengths and conceptual problems”, In Likens, G.E. (ed.), Long-term Studies in Ecology: Approaches and Alternatives, Springer Verlag: New York, 136–157.
  • Walker, I.R. (2001) “Midges: Chrinomidae and related Diptera”, In Smol, J.P.; Birks, H.J.B.; Last, W.M. (ed.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4. Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 43-66.
  • Weathead, P.J. (1986) “How Unusual are Unusual Events”, The American Naturalist, 128/1, 150-154.
  • Wick, L.; Lemcke, G.; Sturm, M. (2003) “Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high-resolution pollen, charcoal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Lake Van, Turkey”, The Holocene, 13/5, 665-675.
  • Woldring, H.; Bottema, S. (2003) “The vegetation history of East-Central Anatolia in relation to archaeology: the Eski Acıgöl pollen evidence compared with the Near Eastern environment”, Palaeohistoria, 43/44, 1–34.
  • Woodbridge, J.; Roberts, N. (2011) “Late Holocene climate of the Eastern Mediterranean inferred from diatom analysis of annually-laminated lake sediments”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 30, 3381-3392.
  • Zolitschka, B.; Francus, P.; Ojala, A.E.K.; Schimmelmann, A. (2015) “Varves in lake sediments – a review”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 117, 1-41.

Geçmişi Takip Etmek - Paleolimnoloji

Yıl 2018, , 201 - 215, 31.10.2018

Ceran Şekeryapan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000198

Öz

Göller sedimanlarında çok fazla bilgi barındırırlar. Onların sedimanlarını toplayarak zaman içinde geriye
gidebiliriz ve çağdaş örnekleme yoluyla elde edilemeyen geçmiş çevre koşullarını açığa çıkarabiliriz.
Paleolimnoloji, göl çökellerinin incelenmesi, yaklaşık 40 yıldan beri popülerdir ve Anadolu'da bulunan bazı
göllerde de yapılmış çeşitli çalışmalar vardır. Burada, Anadolu'nun farklı bölgelerindeki paleolimnolojik
çalışmaların bir özeti ve onların gölsel arşivlerini kullanarak Geç Buzul'dan bu yana yeniden yapılandırılmış
geçmiş çevresel değişiklikler hakkında kısa bilgi bulunmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paleolimnoloji Türkiye göl sedimanları uzun karotlar paleoiklim

Kaynakça

  • Akyildiz, G.K.; Duran, M. (2012) “Preliminary Results on Development of a Chironomid- Based Mean July Air Temperatura Inference Model for the Turkish Lakes”, Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, Supplement: 4, 175-186.
  • Alley, R.B.; Agustsdottir, A.M. (2005) “The 8k event: cause and consequences of a major Holocene abrupt climate change”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, 1123–1149.
  • Alley, R.B.; Mayewski, P.A.; Sowers, T.; Stuiver, M.; Taylor, K.C.; Clark, P.U. (1997) “Holocene climatic instability: Aprominent, widespread event 8200 yr ago”, Geology, 25/6, 483-486.
  • Anderson, N.J. (1995) “Using the past to predict the future: lake sediments and the modelling of limnological disturbance”, Ecological Modelling, 78, 149-172.
  • Anderson, N.J.; Bugmann, H.; Dearing, J.A.; Gaillard, M-J. (2006) “Linking palaeoenvironmental data and models to understand the past and to predict the future”, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21/12, 696-704.
  • Appleby, P.G. (2001) “Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 171-203.
  • Bartov, Y.; Goldstein, S.L.; Stein, M.; Enzel, Y. (2003) “Catastrophic arid episodes in the Eastern Mediterranean linked with the North Atlantic Heinrich events”, Geology, 31/5, 439-442.
  • Battarbee, R.W. (1986) “Diatom analysis”, In Berglund, B.E. (ed.), Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 527-570.
  • Battarbee, R.W. (1994) “Diatoms, lake acidification and the Surface Water Acidification Programme (SWAP): a review”, Hydrobiologia, 274, 1-7.
  • Battarbee, R.W.; Jones, V.J.; Flower, R.J.; Cameron, N.G.; Bennion, H.; Carvalho, L.; Juggins, S. (2001) “Diatoms”, In Smol, J.P; Birks, H.J.B. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 3. Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 155-202.
  • Bennion, H. (1994) “A diatom-phosphorous transfer function for shallow, eutrophic ponds in southeast England”, Hydrobiologia, 275/276, 391-410.
  • Bennion, H.; Appleby, P.G.; Phillips, G.L. (2001) “Reconstructing nutrient histories in the Norfolk Broads, UK: implications for the role of diatom-total phosphorus transfer functions in shallow lake management”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 26, 181–204.
  • Birks, H.J.B.; Line, J.M.; Juggins, S.; Stevenson, A.C.; Terbraak, C.J.F. (1990) “Diatoms and Ph reconstruction”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 327 (1240), 263-278.
  • Björck, S.; Wohlfarth, B. (2004) “14C chronostratigraphic techniques in paleolimnology”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 205-245.
  • Bond,G.; Showers, W.; Cheseby, M.; Lotti, R.; Almasi, P.; deMenocal, P.; Priore, P.; Cullen, H.; Hajdas, I.; Bonani G. (1997), “A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates”, Science, 278, 1257-1266.
  • Bottema, S. (1995) “Ancient Palynology. In Science in Archeology: A Review”, American Journal of Archaeology, 99/1, 79- 142.
  • Bradley, R. S. (1985) Quaternary Paleoclimatology. Methods of Paleoclimatic Reconstruction, Allen & Unwin., USA, UK, Australia.
  • Charles, D. F.; Smol, J.P. (1990) “The PIRLA II project: Regional assessment of lake acidification trends”, Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie: Verhandlungen, 24, 474-480.
  • Coppen, J.; Özen, A.; Tavşanoğlu, Ü.N.; Erdoğan, Ş.; Levi, E.E.; Yozgatlıgil, C.; Jeppesen, E.; Beklioğlu, M. (2016) “Impact of alternating wet and dry periods on long-term seasonal phosphorus and nitrogen budgets of two shallow Mediterranean lakes”, Science of the Total Environment, 563–564, 456–467.
  • Cullen, H.M.; deMenocal, P.B.; Hemming, S.; Hemming, G.; Brown, F.H.; Guilderson, T.; Sirocko, F. (2000) “Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea”, Geology, 28/4, 379-382.
  • Cumming, B. F.; Stool, J.P.; Kingston, J.C.; Charles, D.F.; Birks, H.J.B.; Camburn, K.E.; Dixit, S.S.; Uutala, A.J.; Selle, A.R. (1992) “How much acidification has occurred in the Adirondack region (N.Y., U.S.A.) lakes since preindustrial times?”, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 128-141.
  • Dansgaard, W.; Johnsen, S.J.; Clausen, H.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Gundestrup, N.S.; Hammer, C.U.; Hvidberg, C.S.; Steffensen, J.P.; Sveinbjörnsdottir, A.E.; Jouzel, J.; Bond, G. (1993) “Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250- kyr ice-core record”, Nature, 364, 218-220.
  • Dean, J.R.; Jones, M.D.; Leng, M.J.; Noble, S.R.; Metcalfe, S.E.; Sloane, H.J.; Sahy, D.; Eastwood, W.J.; Roberts, N.C. (2015) “Eastern Mediterranean hydroclimate over the late glacial and Holocene, reconstructed from the sediments of Nar Lake, central Turkey, using stable isotopes and carbonate mineralogy”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 124, 162–174.
  • deMenocal, P.; Ortiz, J.; Guilderson, T.; Sarnthein, M. (2000) “Coherent high- and low-latitude climate variability during the Holocene warm period”, Science, 288, 2198–2202.
  • Eastwood, W.J.; Roberts, N.; Lamb, H.F.; Tibby, J.C. (1999a) “Holocene environmental change in southwest Turkey: a palaeoecological record of lake and catchment-related changes”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 18, 671-695.
  • Eastwood, W.J.; Pearce, N.J.G.; Westgate, J.A.; Perkins, W.T.; Lamb, H.F.; Roberts, N. (1999b) “Geochemistry of Santorini tephra in lake sediments from southwest Turkey”, Global and Planetary Change, 21, 17–29.
  • Eastwood, W.J.; Leng, M.J.; Roberts, N.; Davis, B. (2007) “Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: a comparison of stable isotope and pollen data from Lake Gölhisar, southwest Turkey”, Journal of Quaternary Science, 22/4, 327-341.
  • England, A.; Eastwood, W. J.; Roberts, C. N.; Turner, R.; Haldon, J.F. (2008) “Historical landscape change in Cappadocia (central Turkey): a palaeoecological investigation of annually laminated sediments from Nar lake”, The Holocene, 18/8, 1229–1245.
  • Flower, R.J. (2016) “A personal perspective on four decades of paleolimnology and environmental change research”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 57/2, 109-125.
  • Flower, R.J. (1993) “Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material”, Hydrobiologia, 269/1, 473-484.
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  • Frey, D.G. (1960) “The Ecological Significance of Cladoceran Remains in Lake Sediments”, Ecology, 41/4, 684-699.
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  • Glew, J.R.; Smol, J.P.; Last, W.M. (2004) “Sediment core collection and extrusion”, In Last,W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 73-105.
  • Grootes, P.M.; Stuiver, M.; White, J.W.C.; Johnsen, S.J.; Jouzel, J. (1993) “Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice core”, Nature, 366(6455), 552-554.
  • Hann, B.J. (1989) “Methods in Quaternary Ecology #6. Cladocera”, Geoscience Canada, 16/1, 17-26.
  • Holmes, J.A. (2001) “Ostracoda”, In Smol, J.P.; Birks, H.J.B.; Last, W.M. (ed.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4. Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 125-151.
  • Ingemar, R. (1990) “A procedure for preparing large sets of diatom slides from sediment cores”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 4, 87-90. Jones, M.D.; Roberts, C.N.; Leng, M.J.; Türkeş, M. (2006) “A high-resolution late Holocene lake isotope record from Turkey and links to North Atlantic and monsoon climate”, Geology, 34. 361-364.
  • Juggins, S. (2011) “Quantitative Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions: Progress and Problems”, 5th International Limnogeological Congress, Konstanz-Germany, Abstract Book, pp. 30.
  • Kashima, K.; Matsubara, H.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (1997) “Diatom asseblages from inland saline lakes in the central part of Turkey - Their application for quantitative reconstraction of paleosalinity changes during the late Quaternary”, Japan Review, 8, 235-249.
  • Kashima, K. (2002) “Environmental and climatic changes during the last 20,000 years at Lake Tuz, central Turkey”, Catena, 48, 3-20.
  • Kashima, K. (2003) “The quantitative reconstruction of salinity changes using diatom assemblages in Inland saline lakes in the central part of Turkey during the Late Quaternary”, Quaternary Internationa1, l05, 13-19.
  • Kashima, K. (2011) “Climatic Changes and their Influences for the Archaeological Events during the Holocene in Central Turkey and Northern Syria”, Transactions, Japanese Geomorphological Union, 32/2, 108-114.
  • Korhola, A.; Rautio, M. (2001) “Cladocera and other branchiopod crustaceans”, In Smol, J.P.; Birks, H.J.B.; Last, W.M. (ed.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4. Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 5-41.
  • Lamoureux, S. (2001) “Varve chronology techniques”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 107-135.
  • Landmann, G.; Reimer, A.; Lemcke, G.; Kempe, S. (1996) “Dating Late Glacial abrupt climate changes in the 14,570 yr long continuous varve record of Lake Van, Turkey”, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 122, 107-118.
  • Leroy, S.; Kazanc|, N.; İleri, Ö.; Kibar, M.; Emre, O.; McGee, E.; Griffiths, H.I. (2002) “Abrupt environmental changes within a late Holocene lacustrine sequence south of the Marmara Sea (Lake Manyas, N-WTurkey): possible links with seismic events”, Marine Geology, 3176, 1-22.
  • Leroy, S.A.G.; Colman, S.M. (2004) “Coring and drilling equipment and procedures for recovery of long lacustrine sequences”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 1. Basin Analysis, Coring, and Chronological Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 107-135.
  • Leroy, S.A.G.; Schwab, M.J.; Costa, P.J.M. (2010) “Seismic influence on the last 1500-year infill history of Lake Sapanca (North Anatolian Fault, NW Turkey)”, Tectonophysics, 480 (1–4), 15–27.
  • Litt, T.; Krastel, S.; Sturm, M.; Kipfer, R.; Örcen, S.; Heumann, G.; Franz, S. O.; Ülgen, U. B.; Niessen, F. (2009) ““PALEOVAN”, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives”, Quaternary Scientific Review, 28, 1555– 1567.
  • Miebach, A.; Niestrath, P.; Roeser, P.; Litt, T. (2016) “Impacts of climate and humans on the vegetation in northwestern Turkey: palynological insights from Lake Iznik since the Last Glacial”, Climate of the Past, 12, 575-593.
  • Ojala, A.E.K.; Fancus, P.; Zolitschka, B.; Besonen, M.; Lamoureux, S.F. (2012) “Characteristics of sedimentary varve chronologies - A review”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 43, 45-60.
  • Pickarski, N.; Kwiecien, O.; Djamali, M.; Litt, T. (2015) “Vegetation and environmental changes during the last interglacial in eastern Anatolia (Turkey): a new high-resolution pollen record from Lake Van”, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 435, 145-158.
  • Rasmussen, S.O.; Andersen, K.K.; Svensson, A.M.; Steffensen, J.P.; Vinther, B.M.; Clausen, H.B.; Siggaard-Andersen, M.L.; Johnsen, S.J.; Larsen, L.B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Bigler, M..; Röthlisberger, R.; Fischer, H.; Goto-Azuma, K.; Hansson, M.E.; Ruth, U. (2006) “A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, D06102.
  • Reed, J.; Mezquita, F. (2011) “Quantifying and qualifying salinity response: transfer functions and underlying uncertainty in diatom and ostracod training sets from Turkish salt lakes”, 5th International Limnogeological Congress, KonstanzGermany, Abstract Book, pp. 88.
  • Reed, J.M.; Mezquita-Joanes, F.; Griffiths, H.I. (2012) “Multi-indicator conductivity transfer functions for Quaternary palaeoclimate reconstruction”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 47, 251-275.
  • Reed, J.M. (1998) “Diatom preservation in the recent sediment record of Spanish saline lakes: implications for palaeoclimate study”, Journal of Paleolimnology, 19, 129–137.
  • Reid, M.A.; Ogden, R.W. (2006) “Trend, variability or extreme event? The importance of long term perspectives in river ecology”, River Research and Applications, 22, 167-177.
  • Roberts, N.; Reed, J.M.; Leng, M.J.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Fontugne, M.; Bertaux, J.; Woldring, H.; Bottema, S.; Black, S.; Hunt, E.; Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2001) “The tempo of Holocene climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region: New highresolution crater-lake sediments data from central Turkey”, The Holocene, 11, 721–736.
  • Roberts, N.; Jones, M.D.; Benkaddour, A.; Eastwood, W.J.; Filippi, M.L.; Frogley, M.R.; Lamb, H.F.; Leng, M.J.; Reed, J.M.; Stein, M.; Stevens, L.; Valero-Garces, B.; Zanchetta, G. (2008) “Stable isotope records of Late Quaternary climate and hydrology from Mediterranean lakes: the ISOMED synthesis”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 27, 2426–2441.
  • Roberts, N.; Eastwood, W.J.; Kuzucuoğlu, C.; Fiorentino, G.; Caracuta, V. (2011) “Climatic, vegetation and cultural change in the eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene environmental transition”, The Holocene, 21/1, 147–162.
  • Roberts, N.; Allcock, S.L.; Arnaud, F.; Dean, J.R.; Eastwood, W.J.; Jones, M.D.; Leng, M.J.; Metcalfe, S.E.; Malet, E., Woodbridge, J.; Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2016) “A tale of two lakes: a multi-proxy comparison of Lateglacial and Holocene environmental change in Cappadocia, Turkey”, Journal of Quaternary Science, 31, 348–362.
  • Rose, N. (2008) “Quality control in the analysis of lake sediments for spheroidal carbonaceous particles”, Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 6, 172-179.
  • Rose, N. (2001) “Fly-ash particles”, In Last, W.M.; Smol, J.P. (ed.), Tracking Environmnetal Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 2. Physical and Chemical Techniques, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 319-349.
  • Sawai, Y.; Fujii, Y.; Fujiwara, O.; Kamataki, T.; Komatsubara, J.; Okamura, Y.; Satake, K.; Shishikura, M. (2008) “Marine incursions of the past 1500 years and evidence of tsunamis at Suijin-numa, a coastal lake facing the Japan Trench”, The Holocene, 18/4, 517-528.
  • Smol, J.P. (1992) “Paleolimnology: an important tool for effective ecosystem management”, Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, 1, 49-58.
  • Smol, J.P. (1995) “Paleolimnological approaches to the evaluation and monitoring of ecosystem health: providing a history for environmental damage and recovery”, In Rapport, D.J.; Gaudet, C.L.; Calow, P. (ed.), Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, 302–318.
  • Smol, J.P. (2008) Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: a paleoenvironmental perspective (2nd ed). Blackwell Publishing.
  • Sekeryapan, C. (2011) Paleolimnological Investigations From Modern Coastal Lakes on Thrace and Black Sea Coast of Turkey During the Mid-late Holocene, Ph.D. Thesis. Metu, Ankara.
  • Sullivan, T. J.; Charles, D.F.; Stool, J.P.; Cumming, B.F.; Selle, A.R.; Thomas, D.R.; Bernert, J.A.; Dixit, S.S. (1990) “Quantification of changes in lakewater chemistry in response to acidic deposition”, Nature, 345, 54-58.
  • Tilman, D. (1989) “Ecological experimentation: strengths and conceptual problems”, In Likens, G.E. (ed.), Long-term Studies in Ecology: Approaches and Alternatives, Springer Verlag: New York, 136–157.
  • Walker, I.R. (2001) “Midges: Chrinomidae and related Diptera”, In Smol, J.P.; Birks, H.J.B.; Last, W.M. (ed.), Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments, Volume 4. Zoological Indicators, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston, London, 43-66.
  • Weathead, P.J. (1986) “How Unusual are Unusual Events”, The American Naturalist, 128/1, 150-154.
  • Wick, L.; Lemcke, G.; Sturm, M. (2003) “Evidence of Lateglacial and Holocene climatic change and human impact in eastern Anatolia: high-resolution pollen, charcoal, isotopic and geochemical records from the laminated sediments of Lake Van, Turkey”, The Holocene, 13/5, 665-675.
  • Woldring, H.; Bottema, S. (2003) “The vegetation history of East-Central Anatolia in relation to archaeology: the Eski Acıgöl pollen evidence compared with the Near Eastern environment”, Palaeohistoria, 43/44, 1–34.
  • Woodbridge, J.; Roberts, N. (2011) “Late Holocene climate of the Eastern Mediterranean inferred from diatom analysis of annually-laminated lake sediments”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 30, 3381-3392.
  • Zolitschka, B.; Francus, P.; Ojala, A.E.K.; Schimmelmann, A. (2015) “Varves in lake sediments – a review”, Quaternary Science Reviews, 117, 1-41.
Toplam 77 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Beşeri Coğrafya
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ceran Şekeryapan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Şekeryapan, C. (2018). Geçmişi Takip Etmek - Paleolimnoloji. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000198