This research aimed to analyze migrant men’s spatial trajectories with an emphasis on how they are negotiating with intersecting hierarchies and how they refine and transform their refuge, workplaces. With a lens of feminist geography, it mapped Syrian entrepreneurs’ workplaces in Basmane and Buca, İzmir. To attend the social relations and also gendered practices of Syrian men who run small enterprises and to scrutinize the aspects of their life within broader political, socio-cultural and economic contexts, a feminist ethnographic research was conducted. While heavily relying on participant observation, informal and formal interviews were conducted with the owners of 4 restaurants, 1 barber shop, 1 grocery store and 1 confectioner. Based on the understanding of temporal and geographical contingency of masculinities, it discussed (1) how men positioned/disciplined themselves vis a vis “foreign masculinities”, (2) spatial structures that enabled men’s protector role spilling over into their workplace, (3) homosocial bonds that created continuity and stability.
Ahl, H., Marlow, S. (2012). Exploring the dynamics of gender, feminism and entrepreneurship: Advancing debate to escape a dead end? Organization, 19(5), 543-562. doi:10.1177/1350508412448695
Akyuz, S., Tursun, Ö. (2019). When Syrian ‘Girls’ Meet Turkish ‘boys’: Mapping gendered stories of mixed marriages. Middle East Critique, 28(1), 29-49. doi:10.1080/19436149.2018.1549215
Atasü-Topcuoglu, R. (2019). Social inclusion beyond borders: Utilization of migrant capital in transnational and diaspora communities. Social Inclusion, 7(4). doi:10.17645/si.v7i4.2346
Baines, E.K. (2004). Vulnerable Bodies: Gender, the UN and the Global Refugee Crisis (1st ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315234458
Batnitzky, A., McDowell, L., Dyer, S. (2009). Flexible and strategic masculinities: The working lives and gendered identities of male migrants in London. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(8), 1275-1293. doi:10.1080/13691830903123088
Bélanger, D., Saracoglu, C. (2020). The governance of Syrian refugees in Turkey: The state-capital nexus and its discontents. Mediterranean Politics, 25(4), 413-432. doi:10.1080/13629395.2018.1549785.
Bircan, T., Sunata, U. (2015). Educational Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. Migration Letters, 12(3), 226-237. doi: 10.33182/ml.v12i3.276
Boutwell, L. (2015). “I don't want to Claim America”: African Refugee girls and Discourses of othering. Girlhood Studies, 8(2). doi:10.3167/ghs.2015.080208
Bozok, M., Bozok, N. (2019). The household, the street and the labour market: Masculinities and homosocial solidarity networks of Afghan migrant boys in squatter neighbourhood in Istanbul, NORMA, 14(2), 96-111. doi: 10.1080/18902138.2018.1519241
Brell, C., Dustmann, C., Preston, I. (2020). The labor market integration of refugee migrants in high-income countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(1), 94-121. doi:10.1257/jep.34.1.94
Burrell, K. (2008). Materialising the Border: Spaces of mobility and material culture in migration from Post‐Socialist Poland. Mobilities, 3(3), 353-373. doi:10.1080/17450100802376779
Charsley, K., Wray, H. (2015). Introduction to the invisible (migrant) man. Men and Masculinites, 18 (4), 403–423. doi:10.1177/1097184X15575109
Connell, R. W., Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639
Constant, A. F., Zimmermann, K. F. (2010). Circular and repeat migration: Counts of exits and years away from the host country. Population Research and Policy Review, 30(4), 495-515. doi:10.1007/s11113-010-9198-6
Datta, A. (2009). This is special humour: Visual narratives of Polish masculinities in London’s building sites. In K. Burrell (Ed.), After 2004: Polish migration to the UK in the ‘new’ European Union (pp. 189–210). London: Ashgate.
Deniz, A., Öksüz, M. (2017). Ankara’daki İran restoranları: Kültürel kimlik üzerine etnografik bir araştırma. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 167-185. doi:10.1501/Cobgil_0000000187
Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R., Howson, R., Pease, B. (Eds.). (2009). Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience. New York: Routledge.
Duran, N. (2018). Dual Discrimination of Syrian Refugee Women in the labour markets in Europe and Turkey: Identifying the challenges. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, (75), 43-67. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iusskd/issue/41800/504460.
Edwards, A. (2010). Transitioning gender: Feminist engagement with international refugee law and policy 1950–2010. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 29(2), 21–45. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdq021
Elmhirst, R. (2007). Tigers and gangsters: masculinities and feminized migration in Indonesia. Population, Space, and Place, 13, 225-238. doi: 10.1002/psp.435
Erel, U. (2009). Migrant women transforming citizen-ship: Lifestories from Britain and Germany. Alder-shot: Ashgate.
Erel, U. (2010). Migrating cultural capital: Bourdieu in migration studies. Sociology, 44(4), 642–660. doi:10.1177/0038038510369363
Fiddian- Qasmiyeh, E. (2014). Gender and forced migration. In E. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G. Loescher, K. Long, N. Sigona (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migrations Studies (pp. 399). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Foroutan, Y. (2008). Migration differentials in women's market employment: An empirical and multicultural analysis. International Migration Review, 42(3), 675-703. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00142.x
Freedman, J. (2010). Protecting women asylum seekers and refugees: From international norms to national protection? International Migration, 48(1), 175-198. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009. 00549.x
Freedman, J. (2017). Women’s experience of forced migration: Gender-based forms of insecurity and the uses of “vulnerability”. In J. Freedman, Z. Kivilcim, and N. Ö. Baklacıoğlu (Eds.), A Gendered Approach to the Syrian Refugee Crisis. New York: Routledge, 125-141.
Gallo, E., Scrinzi, F. (2016). Introduction: Men and masculinities in the international division of reproductive labour. Migration, Masculinities and Reproductive Labour, 1-36. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-37978-8_1
Giazitzoglu, A., Down, S. (2015). Performing entrepreneurial masculinity: Constructing gender through identity work. International Small Business Journal,35(1), 40-60. doi: 10.1177/0266242615599244
Göktuna Yaylacı, F., Çarpar, M. (2019). Zorunlu göçün görün(e)meyen aktörleri: Temsil ve toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında sığınmacı erkekler. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (60), 61-85. doi: 10.26650/JECS2019-0007
Grabska, K. (2011). Constructing ‘modern gendered civilised’ women and men: Gender mainstreaming in refugee camps. Gender and Development, 19(1), 81–93. doi: 10.1080/13552074.2011.554026
Hammarén, N., Johansson, T. (2019). The transformation of homosociality. In L. Gottzén, U. Mellström, T. Shefer (Eds.) International Handbook of Masculinity Studies. New York: Routledge, 213-222.
Hatoss, A., Huijser, H. (2010). Gendered barriers to educational opportunities: Resettlement of Sudanese refugees in Australia. Gender and Education, 22(2), 147-160. doi:10.1080/09540250903560497
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Hearn, J. (2015). Men of the World: Gender, Globalizations, Transnational Times. London: Sage.
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Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2000). Gendered Transitions: Mexican Experiences of Immigration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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Hynie, M. (2017). The social determinants of refugee mental health in the post-migration context: A critical review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(5), 297-303. doi:10.1177/0706743717746666
Jackson, P. (1991). The cultural politics of masculinity: Towards a social geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 199-213. doi:10.2307/622614
Kandiyoti, D. (1987). Emancipated but unliberated? Reflections on the Turkish Case. Feminist Studies, 13(2), 317-338. doi:10.2307/3177804
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Erkekliklerin Feminist Coğrafya ile Okunması: İzmir'deki Suriyeli Girişimciler
Bu araştırma, göçmen erkeklerin mekânsal yörüngelerini, kesişen hiyerarşiler ile nasıl müzakere ettiklerini ve işyerlerini nasıl düzenleyip dönüştürdüklerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, araştırma, feminist coğrafya merceği ile Suriyeli girişimcilerin İzmir’in Basmane ve Buca semtlerindeki işyerlerinin haritasını çıkarmıştır. Küçük işletmeleri olan Suriyeli erkeklerin sosyal ilişkilerini ve cinsiyetlendirilmiş performanslarını daha geniş bir sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik bağlamda incelemek için etnografik araştırma yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, büyük çoğunlukla katılımcı gözleme dayanmak ile beraber 4 restoran sahibi, 1 berber, 1 bakkal ve 1 tatlıcı ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma erkekliklerin zamansal ve coğrafi olasılıklarını temeline alarak, (1) erkeklerin kendilerini “yabancı erkeklikler” karşısında nasıl konumlandırdıkları/disiplin ettiklerini, (2) erkeklerin koruyucu rolünün işyerlerine yayılmasını sağlayan mekânsal yapıları, (3) süreklilik ve istikrar yaratan homososyal bağları tartışmıştır.
Ahl, H., Marlow, S. (2012). Exploring the dynamics of gender, feminism and entrepreneurship: Advancing debate to escape a dead end? Organization, 19(5), 543-562. doi:10.1177/1350508412448695
Akyuz, S., Tursun, Ö. (2019). When Syrian ‘Girls’ Meet Turkish ‘boys’: Mapping gendered stories of mixed marriages. Middle East Critique, 28(1), 29-49. doi:10.1080/19436149.2018.1549215
Atasü-Topcuoglu, R. (2019). Social inclusion beyond borders: Utilization of migrant capital in transnational and diaspora communities. Social Inclusion, 7(4). doi:10.17645/si.v7i4.2346
Baines, E.K. (2004). Vulnerable Bodies: Gender, the UN and the Global Refugee Crisis (1st ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315234458
Batnitzky, A., McDowell, L., Dyer, S. (2009). Flexible and strategic masculinities: The working lives and gendered identities of male migrants in London. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(8), 1275-1293. doi:10.1080/13691830903123088
Bélanger, D., Saracoglu, C. (2020). The governance of Syrian refugees in Turkey: The state-capital nexus and its discontents. Mediterranean Politics, 25(4), 413-432. doi:10.1080/13629395.2018.1549785.
Bircan, T., Sunata, U. (2015). Educational Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Turkey. Migration Letters, 12(3), 226-237. doi: 10.33182/ml.v12i3.276
Boutwell, L. (2015). “I don't want to Claim America”: African Refugee girls and Discourses of othering. Girlhood Studies, 8(2). doi:10.3167/ghs.2015.080208
Bozok, M., Bozok, N. (2019). The household, the street and the labour market: Masculinities and homosocial solidarity networks of Afghan migrant boys in squatter neighbourhood in Istanbul, NORMA, 14(2), 96-111. doi: 10.1080/18902138.2018.1519241
Brell, C., Dustmann, C., Preston, I. (2020). The labor market integration of refugee migrants in high-income countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(1), 94-121. doi:10.1257/jep.34.1.94
Burrell, K. (2008). Materialising the Border: Spaces of mobility and material culture in migration from Post‐Socialist Poland. Mobilities, 3(3), 353-373. doi:10.1080/17450100802376779
Charsley, K., Wray, H. (2015). Introduction to the invisible (migrant) man. Men and Masculinites, 18 (4), 403–423. doi:10.1177/1097184X15575109
Connell, R. W., Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639
Constant, A. F., Zimmermann, K. F. (2010). Circular and repeat migration: Counts of exits and years away from the host country. Population Research and Policy Review, 30(4), 495-515. doi:10.1007/s11113-010-9198-6
Datta, A. (2009). This is special humour: Visual narratives of Polish masculinities in London’s building sites. In K. Burrell (Ed.), After 2004: Polish migration to the UK in the ‘new’ European Union (pp. 189–210). London: Ashgate.
Deniz, A., Öksüz, M. (2017). Ankara’daki İran restoranları: Kültürel kimlik üzerine etnografik bir araştırma. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 167-185. doi:10.1501/Cobgil_0000000187
Donaldson, M., Hibbins, R., Howson, R., Pease, B. (Eds.). (2009). Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience. New York: Routledge.
Duran, N. (2018). Dual Discrimination of Syrian Refugee Women in the labour markets in Europe and Turkey: Identifying the challenges. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, (75), 43-67. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iusskd/issue/41800/504460.
Edwards, A. (2010). Transitioning gender: Feminist engagement with international refugee law and policy 1950–2010. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 29(2), 21–45. doi: 10.1093/rsq/hdq021
Elmhirst, R. (2007). Tigers and gangsters: masculinities and feminized migration in Indonesia. Population, Space, and Place, 13, 225-238. doi: 10.1002/psp.435
Erel, U. (2009). Migrant women transforming citizen-ship: Lifestories from Britain and Germany. Alder-shot: Ashgate.
Erel, U. (2010). Migrating cultural capital: Bourdieu in migration studies. Sociology, 44(4), 642–660. doi:10.1177/0038038510369363
Fiddian- Qasmiyeh, E. (2014). Gender and forced migration. In E. Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G. Loescher, K. Long, N. Sigona (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migrations Studies (pp. 399). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Foroutan, Y. (2008). Migration differentials in women's market employment: An empirical and multicultural analysis. International Migration Review, 42(3), 675-703. doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2008.00142.x
Freedman, J. (2010). Protecting women asylum seekers and refugees: From international norms to national protection? International Migration, 48(1), 175-198. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009. 00549.x
Freedman, J. (2017). Women’s experience of forced migration: Gender-based forms of insecurity and the uses of “vulnerability”. In J. Freedman, Z. Kivilcim, and N. Ö. Baklacıoğlu (Eds.), A Gendered Approach to the Syrian Refugee Crisis. New York: Routledge, 125-141.
Gallo, E., Scrinzi, F. (2016). Introduction: Men and masculinities in the international division of reproductive labour. Migration, Masculinities and Reproductive Labour, 1-36. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-37978-8_1
Giazitzoglu, A., Down, S. (2015). Performing entrepreneurial masculinity: Constructing gender through identity work. International Small Business Journal,35(1), 40-60. doi: 10.1177/0266242615599244
Göktuna Yaylacı, F., Çarpar, M. (2019). Zorunlu göçün görün(e)meyen aktörleri: Temsil ve toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında sığınmacı erkekler. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (60), 61-85. doi: 10.26650/JECS2019-0007
Grabska, K. (2011). Constructing ‘modern gendered civilised’ women and men: Gender mainstreaming in refugee camps. Gender and Development, 19(1), 81–93. doi: 10.1080/13552074.2011.554026
Hammarén, N., Johansson, T. (2019). The transformation of homosociality. In L. Gottzén, U. Mellström, T. Shefer (Eds.) International Handbook of Masculinity Studies. New York: Routledge, 213-222.
Hatoss, A., Huijser, H. (2010). Gendered barriers to educational opportunities: Resettlement of Sudanese refugees in Australia. Gender and Education, 22(2), 147-160. doi:10.1080/09540250903560497
Hearn, J. (2013). Methods and methodologies in critical studies of men and masculinities. In B. Pini and B. Pease (eds.), Men, Masculinities and Methodologies, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 26-38.
Hearn, J. (2015). Men of the World: Gender, Globalizations, Transnational Times. London: Sage.
Hesse-Biber, S. (2014). Feminist approaches to in-depth interviewing. In S. Hesse-Biber (Eds.), Feminist Research Practice: A primer. London: Sage, 182-232.
Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2000). Gendered Transitions: Mexican Experiences of Immigration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hyndman, J. (2010). Introduction: The feminist politics of refugee migration. Gender, Place & Culture, 17(4), 453-459. doi:10.1080/0966369x.2010.485835
Hynie, M. (2017). The social determinants of refugee mental health in the post-migration context: A critical review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(5), 297-303. doi:10.1177/0706743717746666
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