Changes in Land Use and Vegetation in Anatolia in the Middle-Late Holocene According to Fossil Pollen Records

Öz

The most important data in determining palaeovegetation changes and palaeoland use characteristics are fossil pollen records and anthropogenic indicators included in these records. In this study, it is aimed to determine the palaeoland use periods and palaeovegetation changes by evaluating the indicators in the diagrams obtained from the fossil pollen records and to present them to the use of palaeogeography researchers. For this purpose, fossil pollen studies carried out in different locations in Anatolia were evaluated and three different periods were determined; 1. Tree pollens with high competitive ability were observed during the period when natural vegetation was preserved. 2. Pollen taxa and anthropogenic indicators of plants showing the development of invasive vegetation as a result of the destruction of the natural forest during the deforestation and intensive agriculture period have spread. 3. In the period of temporary abandonment of the land, anthropogenic indicators and the plants that spread in the areas where the forests were destroyed significantly decreased, while the development of secondary forest was observed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Palaeovegetation change
• Palaeoland use
• Fossil pollen
• Beyşehir occupation phase
• Palaeogeography

Fosil Polen Kayıtlarına Göre Orta-Geç Holosen’de Anadolu’da Arazi Kullanımı ve Vejetasyonda Meydana Gelen Değişimler

Öz

Paleovejetasyon değişimleri ve paleoarazi kullanımı özelliklerinin belirlenmesinde en önemli veriler fosil polen kayıtları ve bu kayıtlar içerisinde yer alan antropojenik göstergelerdir. Bu çalışmada fosil polen kayıtlarından elde edilen diyagramlardaki göstergeler değerlendirilerek paleoarazi kullanım dönemleri ve paleovejetasyon değişimlerinin belirlenmesi ve paleocoğrafya araştırmacılarının kullanımına sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Anadolu’da farklı lokasyonlarda gerçekleştirilen fosil polen çalışmaları değerlendirilmiş ve üç farklı dönem belirlenmiştir; 1. Doğal vejetasyonun korunduğu dönemde yüksek rekabet yeteneğine sahip ağaç polenleri görülmüştür. 2. Orman tahribi ve yoğun tarım döneminde doğal ormanın tahribatı sonucunda istilacı vejetasyon gelişimini gösteren bitkilere ait polen taksonları ve antropojenik göstergeler yayılış göstermiştir. 3. Arazinin geçici olarak terk edilme döneminde antropojenik göstergeler ile ormanların tahrip edildiği sahalarda yayılış gösteren bitkiler belirgin şekilde azalırken, ikincil ormanların gelişimi görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Paleovejetasyon değişimi
• Paleoarazi kullanımı
• Fosil polen
• Beyşehir İskân Dönemi
• Paleocoğrafya

Kaynakça

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