Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4, 2045 - 2074, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1825570

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agnew, David J., John Pearce, Ganapathiraju Pramod, Tom Peatman, Reg Watson, John R. Beddington, and Tony J. Pitcher. “Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing.” PLoS ONE 4, no. 2 (2009): e4570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004570.
  • Blue Marine Foundation. “Fishing Outside the Lines: Widespread Noncompliance in Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries.” November 2022. https://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/wpcontent/uploads/2025/06/Tuna_Report_update.pdf, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “Curbing ‘Dark’ Activity at Sea: The Role of the Marine Insurance Industry.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 16, no. 3 (2025): 1138–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2025.15.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “The Illegality of Fishing Vessels ‘Going Dark’ and Methods of Deterrence.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2023): 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589322000525.
  • Caddell, Richard, George Leloudas and Barıș Soyer. “Emerging Regulatory Responses to IUU Fishing.” In Strengthening International Fisheries Law in an Era of Changing Oceans, edited by Richard Caddell and Erik J Molenaar. Hart Publishing, 2019.
  • Canbeldek Akın, Özlem. “Dünya Ticaret Örgütü Balıkçılık Sübvansiyonları Anlaşmasına İlişkin Genel Bir Değerlendirme.” İnÜHFD 16, no. 2 (2025): 24–36.
  • Donovan, Hunter. “The Pressing Global Threat of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and the Role of Corporations in Solving It.” Ocean and Coastal Law Journal 28, (2023): 177–212.
  • FAO. IPOA-IUU. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/ipoaiuu/en/; https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/ipoa-iuu, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Links between IUU Fishing and Crimes in the Fisheries Sector. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/background/links-crimes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources 2025. FAO, 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Catch Documentation Schemes (VG-CDS). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/aaa6c4e3-3297-4a68-ac9a-efe76f0ea679; https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/voluntary-guidelinesfor-catch-documentation-schemes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance (VG-FSP). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/73719804-5e8b-4e55-afaf-f769eef01f9e, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for the Marking of Fishing Gear (VG-MFG). https://www.fao.org/responsible-fishing/marking-of-fishing-gear/voluntaryguidelines-marking-fishing-gear/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4, 2045 - 2074, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1825570

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agnew, David J., John Pearce, Ganapathiraju Pramod, Tom Peatman, Reg Watson, John R. Beddington, and Tony J. Pitcher. “Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing.” PLoS ONE 4, no. 2 (2009): e4570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004570.
  • Blue Marine Foundation. “Fishing Outside the Lines: Widespread Noncompliance in Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries.” November 2022. https://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/wpcontent/uploads/2025/06/Tuna_Report_update.pdf, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “Curbing ‘Dark’ Activity at Sea: The Role of the Marine Insurance Industry.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 16, no. 3 (2025): 1138–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2025.15.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “The Illegality of Fishing Vessels ‘Going Dark’ and Methods of Deterrence.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2023): 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589322000525.
  • Caddell, Richard, George Leloudas and Barıș Soyer. “Emerging Regulatory Responses to IUU Fishing.” In Strengthening International Fisheries Law in an Era of Changing Oceans, edited by Richard Caddell and Erik J Molenaar. Hart Publishing, 2019.
  • Canbeldek Akın, Özlem. “Dünya Ticaret Örgütü Balıkçılık Sübvansiyonları Anlaşmasına İlişkin Genel Bir Değerlendirme.” İnÜHFD 16, no. 2 (2025): 24–36.
  • Donovan, Hunter. “The Pressing Global Threat of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and the Role of Corporations in Solving It.” Ocean and Coastal Law Journal 28, (2023): 177–212.
  • FAO. IPOA-IUU. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/ipoaiuu/en/; https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/ipoa-iuu, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Links between IUU Fishing and Crimes in the Fisheries Sector. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/background/links-crimes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources 2025. FAO, 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Catch Documentation Schemes (VG-CDS). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/aaa6c4e3-3297-4a68-ac9a-efe76f0ea679; https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/voluntary-guidelinesfor-catch-documentation-schemes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance (VG-FSP). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/73719804-5e8b-4e55-afaf-f769eef01f9e, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for the Marking of Fishing Gear (VG-MFG). https://www.fao.org/responsible-fishing/marking-of-fishing-gear/voluntaryguidelines-marking-fishing-gear/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.

Devlet Merkezli Tedbirlerden Finansal Caydırıcılığa: IUU Balıkçılığı Önlemede Sigortanın Rolü

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4, 2045 - 2074, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1825570

Öz

Yasa dışı, kayıt dışı ve düzenlenmemiş balıkçılık (IUU balıkçılık), balık stoklarının sürdürülebilirliğini, denizel biyolojik çeşitliliği, gıda güvenliğini ve hukuka uygun şekilde faaliyet gösteren balıkçıların geçim kaynaklarını tehdit eden çok boyutlu bir sorundur. Mevcut uluslararası hukuki çerçevede bayrak, kıyı ve liman devletlerine önemli yükümlülükler yüklenmekte ve iş birliğine dayalı politikalar geliştirilerek gerekli tedbirler alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu düzenlemelere ve izleme-kontrol-gözetim önlemlerine rağmen IUU balıkçılığın tamamen önüne geçilememiş olması, geleneksel devlet merkezli tedbirlerin tek başına yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir.

Bu çalışma, IUU balıkçılığın ekonomik motivasyonla yürütülen bir faaliyet olduğu gerçeğinden hareketle, IUU balıkçılıkla mücadele konusunda uluslararası, bölgesel ve ulusal düzeydeki çabalarda göz ardı edilen, ancak caydırıcı olma potansiyeline sahip olan finansal araçlardan özellikle deniz sigortalarının rolünü incelemektedir. Çalışmada, deniz sigortalarının uluslararası sorumluluk rejimleri ve liman devleti uygulamaları bakımından geminin operasyonel devamlılığı için fiilen vazgeçilmez bir unsur hâline geldiği; IUU balıkçılık faaliyetleriyle bağlantılı gemilerin önemli bir bölümünün hâlen sigorta teminatı altında bulunmasının ise hukuka aykırı faaliyetlerin ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğini fiilen desteklediği ifade edilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, sigorta teminatından yoksun bırakma, risk değerlendirme süreçlerinde AIS kapatma gibi aldatıcı denizcilik uygulamaları ve IUU gemi listelerini dikkate alan politikaların, IUU balıkçılık üzerinde güçlü bir caydırıcı etki yaratabileceği savunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Agnew, David J., John Pearce, Ganapathiraju Pramod, Tom Peatman, Reg Watson, John R. Beddington, and Tony J. Pitcher. “Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing.” PLoS ONE 4, no. 2 (2009): e4570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004570.
  • Blue Marine Foundation. “Fishing Outside the Lines: Widespread Noncompliance in Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries.” November 2022. https://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/wpcontent/uploads/2025/06/Tuna_Report_update.pdf, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “Curbing ‘Dark’ Activity at Sea: The Role of the Marine Insurance Industry.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 16, no. 3 (2025): 1138–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2025.15.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “The Illegality of Fishing Vessels ‘Going Dark’ and Methods of Deterrence.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2023): 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589322000525.
  • Caddell, Richard, George Leloudas and Barıș Soyer. “Emerging Regulatory Responses to IUU Fishing.” In Strengthening International Fisheries Law in an Era of Changing Oceans, edited by Richard Caddell and Erik J Molenaar. Hart Publishing, 2019.
  • Canbeldek Akın, Özlem. “Dünya Ticaret Örgütü Balıkçılık Sübvansiyonları Anlaşmasına İlişkin Genel Bir Değerlendirme.” İnÜHFD 16, no. 2 (2025): 24–36.
  • Donovan, Hunter. “The Pressing Global Threat of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and the Role of Corporations in Solving It.” Ocean and Coastal Law Journal 28, (2023): 177–212.
  • FAO. IPOA-IUU. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/ipoaiuu/en/; https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/ipoa-iuu, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Links between IUU Fishing and Crimes in the Fisheries Sector. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/background/links-crimes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources 2025. FAO, 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Catch Documentation Schemes (VG-CDS). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/aaa6c4e3-3297-4a68-ac9a-efe76f0ea679; https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/voluntary-guidelinesfor-catch-documentation-schemes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance (VG-FSP). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/73719804-5e8b-4e55-afaf-f769eef01f9e, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for the Marking of Fishing Gear (VG-MFG). https://www.fao.org/responsible-fishing/marking-of-fishing-gear/voluntaryguidelines-marking-fishing-gear/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.

From State-Centred Measures to Financial Deterrence: The Role of Insurance in Preventing IUU Fishing

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4, 2045 - 2074, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1825570

Öz

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a multidimensional problem that threatens the sustainability of fish stocks, marine biodiversity, food security and the livelihoods of fishers operating in compliance with the law. The existing international legal framework imposes significant obligations on flag, coastal, and port States, and various cooperative policy mechanisms have been developed to strengthen monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) measures. Nevertheless, the persistence of IUU fishing despite these regulations and enforcement efforts demonstrates that traditional, State-centric measures alone are insufficient.

Departing from the premise that IUU fishing is fundamentally driven by economic motivation, the study examines the role of financial mechanisms, particularly the marine insurance, which have been largely overlooked in international, regional and national efforts to combat IUU fishing despite their considerable deterrent potential. The study argues that marine insurance has become a de facto indispensable component of a vessel’s operational continuity due to international liability regimes and port State control requirements; yet a significant number of vessels engaged in IUU fishing continue to hold insurance coverage, thereby inadvertently supporting the economic viability of unlawful activities. In this context, the study contends that denying insurance coverage and incorporating into risk-assessment processes indicators such as AIS switch-offs, which are classified as deceptive maritime practices, and the use of IUU vessel lists, may generate a strong deterrent effect on IUU fishing.

Kaynakça

  • Agnew, David J., John Pearce, Ganapathiraju Pramod, Tom Peatman, Reg Watson, John R. Beddington, and Tony J. Pitcher. “Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing.” PLoS ONE 4, no. 2 (2009): e4570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004570.
  • Blue Marine Foundation. “Fishing Outside the Lines: Widespread Noncompliance in Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries.” November 2022. https://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/wpcontent/uploads/2025/06/Tuna_Report_update.pdf, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “Curbing ‘Dark’ Activity at Sea: The Role of the Marine Insurance Industry.” European Journal of Risk Regulation 16, no. 3 (2025): 1138–55. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2025.15.
  • Bunwaree, Priyal. “The Illegality of Fishing Vessels ‘Going Dark’ and Methods of Deterrence.” International and Comparative Law Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2023): 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589322000525.
  • Caddell, Richard, George Leloudas and Barıș Soyer. “Emerging Regulatory Responses to IUU Fishing.” In Strengthening International Fisheries Law in an Era of Changing Oceans, edited by Richard Caddell and Erik J Molenaar. Hart Publishing, 2019.
  • Canbeldek Akın, Özlem. “Dünya Ticaret Örgütü Balıkçılık Sübvansiyonları Anlaşmasına İlişkin Genel Bir Değerlendirme.” İnÜHFD 16, no. 2 (2025): 24–36.
  • Donovan, Hunter. “The Pressing Global Threat of Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and the Role of Corporations in Solving It.” Ocean and Coastal Law Journal 28, (2023): 177–212.
  • FAO. IPOA-IUU. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/ipoaiuu/en/; https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/ipoa-iuu, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Links between IUU Fishing and Crimes in the Fisheries Sector. https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/background/links-crimes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Review of the State of World Marine Fishery Resources 2025. FAO, 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Catch Documentation Schemes (VG-CDS). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/aaa6c4e3-3297-4a68-ac9a-efe76f0ea679; https://www.fao.org/iuu-fishing/international-framework/voluntary-guidelinesfor-catch-documentation-schemes/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance (VG-FSP). https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/73719804-5e8b-4e55-afaf-f769eef01f9e, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
  • FAO. Voluntary Guidelines for the Marking of Fishing Gear (VG-MFG). https://www.fao.org/responsible-fishing/marking-of-fishing-gear/voluntaryguidelines-marking-fishing-gear/en/, erişim 15 Kasım 2025.
Toplam 13 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Kübra Var Türk 0000-0002-6782-5352

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Kasım 2025
Kabul Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Var Türk, Kübra. 2025. “Devlet Merkezli Tedbirlerden Finansal Caydırıcılığa: IUU Balıkçılığı Önlemede Sigortanın Rolü”. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 74 (4): 2045-74. https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1825570.
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