Uluslararası hukukta, ilk olarak, 1959 tarihli Antarktika Antlaşması’na derç edilen “barışçıl amaçlar” terimi, sonraki tarihli pek çok uluslararası hukuk metninde klişe bir ifade olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Deniz hukuku alanında en kapsamlı uluslararası sözleşme olan 1982 Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi (BMDHS)’nde de “barışçıl amaçlar” terimi sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Sözleşmenin hazırlık sürecinde terimin anlamının belirlenmesine yönelik bir takım girişimler olmasına rağmen terimin açık bir tanımı yapılmamış ve muğlâk bir ifade olarak kalmıştır. Doktrinde terimin anlamına yönelik yapılan tanımların ise hukukî olmaktan ziyade devletlerin askerî ve ekonomik çıkarlarını yansıttığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte yapılacak genel kabul gören hukukî bir tanımın, muhtemel çatışmaları azaltacağı ve dünya barışına önemli katkı sağlayacağı aşikârdır. Bu itibarla çalışmanın amacını, BMDHS’nin sekiz maddesinde kullanılan “barışçıl amaçlar” teriminin anlamının sorgulanarak, sözleşmenin hedef ve ruhuna uygun şekilde içeriğinin doldurulması oluşturmaktadır
Anand, Ram P. (2001). Freedom of Seas: Past, Present and Future. [Caminos, Hugo (ed). (2001). Law of the Sea. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company], 215-233.
Armaoğlu, Fahir. (1999). 20. Yüzyıl Siyasî Tarihi (12. bs.). İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.
Başlar, Kemal. (2003). Antarktika Antlaşmalar Sistemi (1961-2001): 40 Yılın Ardından Antarktika’nın Hukukî Rejimi. AÜHFD, 52(2), s. 78-99.
Başlar, Kemal. (1998). The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law. The Hague/Boston/London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (Common Heritage).
Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Enformasyon Dairesi. (1976). Birleşmiş Milletler Üçüncü Deniz Hukuku Konferansı, Ankara: Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Enformasyon Dairesi Yayını.
Boczek, Boreslav A. (1989). Peaceful Purposes Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. ODIL, 20, 359-389 (Peaceful Purposes).
Boczek, Boreslav A. (1989). The Peaceful Purposes Reservation of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Ocean Yearbook, 8, 329-361 (Peaceful Purposes Reservation).
Brown, Edward D. (1994). The International Law of the Sea – Cases and Tables. C. II. Aldershot: Dartmount Publishing Company Limited.
Burke, W. T. (1969). Towards a Better Use of the Ocean. New York: Humanities Press.
Christol, Cal Q. (1984). The Common Interest in the Exploration, Use and Exploitation of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes: The Soviet- American Dilemma. Akron Law Review, 18(2), 193-222.
Dekanozov, R. V. (1988). The Principle of Peaceful Use in the Law of the Sea and Space Law. Marine Policy, 12(3), 271-275.
Elferink, Alex G. (2007). The Regime of the Area: Delineating the Scope of Application of the Common Heritage Principle and Freedom of the High Seas. IJMCL, 22(1), 143-176
Evensen, Jens. (1970). Present Military Uses of the Seabed and Foreseeable Developments. Cornell International Law Journal, 3(2), 121-132.
Fox, Hazel. (1989). The Relevance of Antarctica to the Lawyer. [Triggs, Gillian D. (ed.). The Antarctic Treaty Regime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press], 77-87.
Francioni, Francesco. (1985). Peacetime Use of Force, Military Activities, and the New Law of Sea. Cornell International Law Journal. 18, 203- 226.
Gorina-Ysern, Montserrat. (2003). An International Regime for Marine Scientific Research. Ardsley: Transnational Publishers.
Graham, G. (1981). The Freedom of Scientific Research in International Law: Outer Space, the Antarctic and Oceans, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Geneve: University of Geneve.
Guntrip, Edward. (2003). The Common Heritage of Mankind: An Adequate Regime for Managing the Deep Seabed? Melbourne Journal of International Law. 4, 376-405.
Gündüz, Aslan. (2003). Milletlerarası Hukuk Temel Belgeler Örnek Kararlar (5. bs.). İstanbul: Beta basım A. Ş.
Hayashi, Moritaka. (2005). Military and Intelligence Gathering Activities in the EEZ: Definition of Key Terms. Marine Policy, 29(2), 123-137.
Kiss, Alexandre. (2001). The Common Heritage of Mankind: Utopia or Reality? [Caminos, Hugo (ed.). (2001). Law of the Sea. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company], 323-342.
Meray, Seha L. (1955). Açık Denizlerin Serbestliği Prensibinin Gelişimi. AÜSBFD, 10(2), 76-100
Meray, Seha L. (1964). Uzay ve Milletlerarası Hukuk. Ankara: AÜ Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
Meray, Seha L. (1967). Uzayda Devletlerin Çalışmalarını Yönetecek İlkelere İlişkin Andlaşma. AÜSBFD, 22(1), 33-53.
Morgan, Richard A. (1994). Military Use of Commercial Communication Satellites: A New Look at the Outer Space Treaty and “Peaceful Purposes. Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 60(1), 303-325.
Nandan, Satya N. / Rosenne, Shabtai. (1995). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, A Commentary. C. III, London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Oxman, Bernard H. (1984). The Regime of Warships under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. AJIL, 24, 829-832.
Özman, M. Aydoğan. (1984). Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, İstanbul: İstanbul Deniz Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
Pazarcı, Hüseyin. (2010). Uluslararası Hukuk (9. bs.). Ankara: Turhan Yayınevi.
Rao, Pemmaraju S. (1972). The Seabed Arms Control Treaty: A Study in the Contemporary Law of the Military Uses of the Seas. Journal Maritime Law and Commerce. 4(1), 67-92.
Riesenfeld, Stefan A. (1986). High Seas and Navigational Rights: What Are They and Who May Assert Them in U.S. Courts? [Clingan, Thomas A. (ed). (1986). The Law of the Sea: What Lies Ahead? Honolulu: The Law of Sea Institute University of Hawaii],41-50.
Stephens, Dale G. (1998). The Impact of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention on the Conduct of Peacetime Naval/military Operations. California Western International Law Journal. 29, 283-311.
Subedi, Surya P. (1996). Land and Maritime Zones of Peace in International Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Su, Jinyuan. (2010). The “Peaceful Purposes” Principle in Antarctica and the Stability of Its Peaceful Status. Australia and New Zealand Maritime Law Journal, 24, 152-165.
Topsoy, Fevzi. (2010). 1982 Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi (UNCLOS) Bağlamında Denize İlişkin Bilimsel Araştırma (MSR) Kavramı ve Hukukî Statüsü. ANKRYA, 2(1), 91-122.
Tsarev, V. F. (1988). Peaceful Uses of the Seas. Marine Policy, 12(2), 153 - 159.
United Nations. (1976). Official Records of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. C. V, New York: United Nations (Official Records V).
United Nations. (1996). Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind. New York: United Nations, (Common Heritage of Mankind).
Wolfrum, Rüdiger. (2001). Military Activities on the High Seas: What Are the Impact of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea? [Caminos, Hugo (ed). (2001). Law of the Sea. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company], 481- 496.
Wolter, Detlev. (1985). The Peaceful Purpose Standard of the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle in Outer Space Law. ASILS International Law Journal, 9, 117-146.
Xiaofeng, Ren / Xizhong, Colonel C. (2004). Military and Intelligence Gathering Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone: Consensus and Disagreement II. Marine Policy, 29(2), 139-146.
Yankov, Alexander. (1983). A General Review of the New Convention on the Law of the Sea: Marine Science and Its Application. Ocean Yearbook, 4, 150-175.
Zedalis, Rex J. (1979). Peaceful Purposes and Other Relevant Provisions of the Revised Composite Negotiating Text: A Comparative Analysis of the Existing and the Proposed Military Regime for the High Seas. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 7(1), 1-35.
Conference of Antarctica, 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.ats.aq /documents/ats/treaty_original.pdf adresinden erişildi.
Examination of The Question of The Reservation Exclusively for Peaceful Purposes of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, Underlying the High Seas Beyond the Limits of Present National Jurisdiction, and the Use Their Resources in the Interests of Mankind. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://untreaty.un.org/cod/ diplomaticconferences/lawofthesea1982/docs/res/ a_res_2467_xxiii.pdf adresinden erişildi
Examination of the Question of the Reservation Exclusively for Peaceful Purposes of the Sea-bed and the Ocean Floor and the Subsoil Thereof, Underlying the High Seas Beyond the Limits of Present National Jurisdiction and Use of Their Resources in the Interest of Mankind. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://deccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN /NRO/244/27/MG/NRO24427.pdf?OpenElement adresinden erişildi
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://disarmament.un.org/treatystatus.nsf/44e6eeabc9436b7885256877 0078d9c0/14f35cd4f3cd01f0852568770079dd98?OpenDocument adresinden erişildi.
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa /SpaceLaw/outerspt.html adresinden erişildi.
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.oosa.unvienna. org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html adresinden erişildi.
UN General Assembly 2749 (XXV), Declaration of Principles Governing Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.un.org/documents/ ga/res/25/ares25.htm adresinden erişildi.
The Meaning of the “Peaceful Purposes” Term in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The “peaceful purposes” term, inserted first of all in the Antarctica Treaty in the international law, is used in the next many international agreement as a cliché phrase. It is often used in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that is the most comprehensive international convention in the field of law of sea. Despite a number of initiatives for the determination of the meaning of the term in the preparation process of the UNCLOS, it is not defined and remains as a vague expression. However, that a generally accepted legal definition will reduce potential conflict and provide a signification contribution to world peace is obvious. Therefore, the aim of this study is examined the meaning of the “peaceful purposes” term that is used in the eight articles of the UNCLOS and its content is determined as appropriate the aim and sense of the UNCLOS
Anand, Ram P. (2001). Freedom of Seas: Past, Present and Future. [Caminos, Hugo (ed). (2001). Law of the Sea. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company], 215-233.
Armaoğlu, Fahir. (1999). 20. Yüzyıl Siyasî Tarihi (12. bs.). İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.
Başlar, Kemal. (2003). Antarktika Antlaşmalar Sistemi (1961-2001): 40 Yılın Ardından Antarktika’nın Hukukî Rejimi. AÜHFD, 52(2), s. 78-99.
Başlar, Kemal. (1998). The Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind in International Law. The Hague/Boston/London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (Common Heritage).
Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Enformasyon Dairesi. (1976). Birleşmiş Milletler Üçüncü Deniz Hukuku Konferansı, Ankara: Birleşmiş Milletler Kamu Enformasyon Dairesi Yayını.
Boczek, Boreslav A. (1989). Peaceful Purposes Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. ODIL, 20, 359-389 (Peaceful Purposes).
Boczek, Boreslav A. (1989). The Peaceful Purposes Reservation of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. Ocean Yearbook, 8, 329-361 (Peaceful Purposes Reservation).
Brown, Edward D. (1994). The International Law of the Sea – Cases and Tables. C. II. Aldershot: Dartmount Publishing Company Limited.
Burke, W. T. (1969). Towards a Better Use of the Ocean. New York: Humanities Press.
Christol, Cal Q. (1984). The Common Interest in the Exploration, Use and Exploitation of Outer Space for Peaceful Purposes: The Soviet- American Dilemma. Akron Law Review, 18(2), 193-222.
Dekanozov, R. V. (1988). The Principle of Peaceful Use in the Law of the Sea and Space Law. Marine Policy, 12(3), 271-275.
Elferink, Alex G. (2007). The Regime of the Area: Delineating the Scope of Application of the Common Heritage Principle and Freedom of the High Seas. IJMCL, 22(1), 143-176
Evensen, Jens. (1970). Present Military Uses of the Seabed and Foreseeable Developments. Cornell International Law Journal, 3(2), 121-132.
Fox, Hazel. (1989). The Relevance of Antarctica to the Lawyer. [Triggs, Gillian D. (ed.). The Antarctic Treaty Regime. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press], 77-87.
Francioni, Francesco. (1985). Peacetime Use of Force, Military Activities, and the New Law of Sea. Cornell International Law Journal. 18, 203- 226.
Gorina-Ysern, Montserrat. (2003). An International Regime for Marine Scientific Research. Ardsley: Transnational Publishers.
Graham, G. (1981). The Freedom of Scientific Research in International Law: Outer Space, the Antarctic and Oceans, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Geneve: University of Geneve.
Guntrip, Edward. (2003). The Common Heritage of Mankind: An Adequate Regime for Managing the Deep Seabed? Melbourne Journal of International Law. 4, 376-405.
Gündüz, Aslan. (2003). Milletlerarası Hukuk Temel Belgeler Örnek Kararlar (5. bs.). İstanbul: Beta basım A. Ş.
Hayashi, Moritaka. (2005). Military and Intelligence Gathering Activities in the EEZ: Definition of Key Terms. Marine Policy, 29(2), 123-137.
Kiss, Alexandre. (2001). The Common Heritage of Mankind: Utopia or Reality? [Caminos, Hugo (ed.). (2001). Law of the Sea. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company], 323-342.
Meray, Seha L. (1955). Açık Denizlerin Serbestliği Prensibinin Gelişimi. AÜSBFD, 10(2), 76-100
Meray, Seha L. (1964). Uzay ve Milletlerarası Hukuk. Ankara: AÜ Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
Meray, Seha L. (1967). Uzayda Devletlerin Çalışmalarını Yönetecek İlkelere İlişkin Andlaşma. AÜSBFD, 22(1), 33-53.
Morgan, Richard A. (1994). Military Use of Commercial Communication Satellites: A New Look at the Outer Space Treaty and “Peaceful Purposes. Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 60(1), 303-325.
Nandan, Satya N. / Rosenne, Shabtai. (1995). United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, A Commentary. C. III, London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Oxman, Bernard H. (1984). The Regime of Warships under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. AJIL, 24, 829-832.
Özman, M. Aydoğan. (1984). Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi, İstanbul: İstanbul Deniz Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
Pazarcı, Hüseyin. (2010). Uluslararası Hukuk (9. bs.). Ankara: Turhan Yayınevi.
Rao, Pemmaraju S. (1972). The Seabed Arms Control Treaty: A Study in the Contemporary Law of the Military Uses of the Seas. Journal Maritime Law and Commerce. 4(1), 67-92.
Riesenfeld, Stefan A. (1986). High Seas and Navigational Rights: What Are They and Who May Assert Them in U.S. Courts? [Clingan, Thomas A. (ed). (1986). The Law of the Sea: What Lies Ahead? Honolulu: The Law of Sea Institute University of Hawaii],41-50.
Stephens, Dale G. (1998). The Impact of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention on the Conduct of Peacetime Naval/military Operations. California Western International Law Journal. 29, 283-311.
Subedi, Surya P. (1996). Land and Maritime Zones of Peace in International Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Su, Jinyuan. (2010). The “Peaceful Purposes” Principle in Antarctica and the Stability of Its Peaceful Status. Australia and New Zealand Maritime Law Journal, 24, 152-165.
Topsoy, Fevzi. (2010). 1982 Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi (UNCLOS) Bağlamında Denize İlişkin Bilimsel Araştırma (MSR) Kavramı ve Hukukî Statüsü. ANKRYA, 2(1), 91-122.
Tsarev, V. F. (1988). Peaceful Uses of the Seas. Marine Policy, 12(2), 153 - 159.
United Nations. (1976). Official Records of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. C. V, New York: United Nations (Official Records V).
United Nations. (1996). Concept of the Common Heritage of Mankind. New York: United Nations, (Common Heritage of Mankind).
Wolfrum, Rüdiger. (2001). Military Activities on the High Seas: What Are the Impact of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea? [Caminos, Hugo (ed). (2001). Law of the Sea. Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company], 481- 496.
Wolter, Detlev. (1985). The Peaceful Purpose Standard of the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle in Outer Space Law. ASILS International Law Journal, 9, 117-146.
Xiaofeng, Ren / Xizhong, Colonel C. (2004). Military and Intelligence Gathering Activities in the Exclusive Economic Zone: Consensus and Disagreement II. Marine Policy, 29(2), 139-146.
Yankov, Alexander. (1983). A General Review of the New Convention on the Law of the Sea: Marine Science and Its Application. Ocean Yearbook, 4, 150-175.
Zedalis, Rex J. (1979). Peaceful Purposes and Other Relevant Provisions of the Revised Composite Negotiating Text: A Comparative Analysis of the Existing and the Proposed Military Regime for the High Seas. Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 7(1), 1-35.
Conference of Antarctica, 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.ats.aq /documents/ats/treaty_original.pdf adresinden erişildi.
Examination of The Question of The Reservation Exclusively for Peaceful Purposes of the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, Underlying the High Seas Beyond the Limits of Present National Jurisdiction, and the Use Their Resources in the Interests of Mankind. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://untreaty.un.org/cod/ diplomaticconferences/lawofthesea1982/docs/res/ a_res_2467_xxiii.pdf adresinden erişildi
Examination of the Question of the Reservation Exclusively for Peaceful Purposes of the Sea-bed and the Ocean Floor and the Subsoil Thereof, Underlying the High Seas Beyond the Limits of Present National Jurisdiction and Use of Their Resources in the Interest of Mankind. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://deccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN /NRO/244/27/MG/NRO24427.pdf?OpenElement adresinden erişildi
Treaty on the Prohibition of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction on the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://disarmament.un.org/treatystatus.nsf/44e6eeabc9436b7885256877 0078d9c0/14f35cd4f3cd01f0852568770079dd98?OpenDocument adresinden erişildi.
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/oosa /SpaceLaw/outerspt.html adresinden erişildi.
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.oosa.unvienna. org/oosa/SpaceLaw/outerspt.html adresinden erişildi.
UN General Assembly 2749 (XXV), Declaration of Principles Governing Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction. 01 Nisan 2011 tarihinde http://www.un.org/documents/ ga/res/25/ares25.htm adresinden erişildi.
Topsoy, Fevzi. “1982 Birleşmiş Milletler Deniz Hukuku Sözleşmesi kapsamında ‘Barışçıl Amaçlar’ Teriminin Anlamı”. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 61, sy. 1 (Mart 2012): 383-416. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001659.