BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Politika olarak hukuk: Adalet ve yarar

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1, 429 - 458, 01.03.2012
https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001661

Öz

Gelişmekte olan demokrasilerde, başarılı hükümetlerin serbest piyasayı ve demokratik süreci kalkındırmaya yönelik çok sayıda politik görevi bulunmaktadır. Bu tip yasal sistemlerde, hukuku kamu sorunlarının azaltılmasında bir araç olarak değerlendiren politika odaklı hukuk yaklaşımları uygun ve faydalı görünmektedir. Aynısı, hükümetlerin karşılaştığı kamu sorunlarının gitgide karmaşıklaştığı oturmuş demokratik sistemler bakımından da geçerlidir. Politika yönelimli hukuk görüşleri, hukukun politik amaçların gerçekleştirilmesine yarayabilecek, değerlerden arınmış bir araç olduğunu iddia etmemektedir. Hukukun adalet ve özgürlüğü de kapsar biçimde ahlaki değerler içerdiği, dışlayıcı hukuksal pozitivistler haricindeki hukuk düşünürleri ve uygulamacıları tarafından genel kabul görmektedir. Bu makalede politika odaklı hukuk görüşlerinin adalet ve yarar idealine dayanan bir örneğine ağırlık verilmekte; hukuk ilmine ilişkin bir takım kavram ve meselelere bunun üzerinden yeni bir ışık tutmak amaçlanmaktadır1. Çalışmada öncelikle bazı klasik eserlere atıfla adalet kavramı ve yarar esaslı adalet anlayışlarının karşılaştığı güçlükler açıklanmakta, farklı yarar anlayışları arasında ayrım yapılmaktadır (ç.n). Daha sonra iki temel hukuk kavramı -hak ve özgürlük-, adalet ve yarar yönünden ele alınmakta; pratikteki önemine rağmen geleneksel hukuk ilminde çoğunlukla ihmal edilen etkililik kavramı kısaca değerlendirilmektedir. Ardından adalet ve yarar temelli politika olarak hukuk teorisinin, ceza ve siyasi katılım hukuklarının esasına ilişkin olabilecek çıkarımlarına değinilmektedir (ç.n). Bu teoriye karşı öne sürülen iddia ve itirazlar ile bunlara verilen cevaplardan bahsedilerek, son aşamada cevaplandırılamayan sorular ortaya konulmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, James E., 2003[1990], Public Policymaking: An Introduction, 5th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Bentham, Jeremy, 1970[1945], Of Laws in General, ed. by H. L. A. Hart, London: University of London, Athlone Press.
  • Dworkin, Ronald, 1978[1977], Taking Rights Seriously, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • ——, 1986, Law’s Empire, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • ——, 2000, Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • ——, 2006, Justice in Robes, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Dye, Thomas R., 2005[1972], Understanding Public Policy, 11th ed., Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Feinberg, Joel, 1970, Doing and Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Finkelstein, Claire, 2005, “A Contractarian Approach to Punishment,” in Martin P. Golding and William A. Edmundson (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 207-220.
  • Fuller, Lon L., 1969[1964], The Morality of Law, rev. ed., New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hart, H. L. A., 1982, Essays on Bentham: Studies in Jurisprudence and Political Theory,
  • Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ——, 1994[1961], The Concept of Law, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hume, David, 1978[1888], A Treatise of Human Nature, 2nd ed., ed. by L. A. Selby-Bigge and rev. by P. H. Nidditch, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kaplow, Louis and Steven Shavell, 2002, Fairness versus Welfare, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Kramer, Matthew H., 1998, “Rights Without Trimmings,” in Matthew H. Kramer, N. E.
  • Simmonds, and Hillel Steiner, A Debate over Rights: Philosophical Enquiries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 7-111.
  • Lyons, David, 1994, Rights, Welfare, and Mill’s Moral Theory, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • MacCormick, D. N., 1977, “Rights in Legislation,” in P. M. S. Hacker and J. Raz (eds.), Law
  • Morality, and Society: Essays in Honour of H. L. A. Hart, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 189-209.
  • Mill, J. S., 1998[1871], Utilitarianism, ed. by Roger Crisp, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Moore, Michael, 1997, Placing Blame: A General Theory of the Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Morimura, Susumu, 1989, Rights and Persons: A Normative Theory of Ultra-individualism, Tokyo: Sobunsha (in Japanese).
  • Nino, C. S., 1983, “A Consensual Theory of Punishment,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 12(4): 289-306.
  • Posner, Richard A., 1999, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Rawls, John, 1999[1971], A Theory of Justice, rev. ed., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Raz, Joseph, 1979, The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ——, 1986, The Morality of Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Riker, William H., 1988[1982], Liberalism Against Populism: A Confrontation Between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice, Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
  • Rummel, R. J., 1994, Death by Government, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.
  • Russett, Bruce, 1993, Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post- Cold War World, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Steiner, Hillel, 1998, “Working Rights,” in Matthew H. Kramer, N. E. Simmonds, and Hillel
  • Steiner, A Debate over Rights: Philosophical Enquiries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 233-301.
  • Tamanaha, Brian Z., 2006, Law as a Means to an End: Threat to the Rule of Law, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Usami, Makoto, 1993, Law as Public Decision: Interpreting the Practice of Law, Tokyo: Bokutakusha (in Japanese).
  • ——, 2000, Collective Decision Making, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press (in Japanese).
  • Wellman, Carl, 1985, A Theory of Rights: Persons Under Laws, Institutions, and Morals, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Allanheld.

Law as Policy: Justice and Interest

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1, 429 - 458, 01.03.2012
https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001661

Öz

-

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, James E., 2003[1990], Public Policymaking: An Introduction, 5th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Bentham, Jeremy, 1970[1945], Of Laws in General, ed. by H. L. A. Hart, London: University of London, Athlone Press.
  • Dworkin, Ronald, 1978[1977], Taking Rights Seriously, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • ——, 1986, Law’s Empire, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • ——, 2000, Sovereign Virtue: The Theory and Practice of Equality, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • ——, 2006, Justice in Robes, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Dye, Thomas R., 2005[1972], Understanding Public Policy, 11th ed., Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
  • Feinberg, Joel, 1970, Doing and Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Finkelstein, Claire, 2005, “A Contractarian Approach to Punishment,” in Martin P. Golding and William A. Edmundson (eds.), The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 207-220.
  • Fuller, Lon L., 1969[1964], The Morality of Law, rev. ed., New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Hart, H. L. A., 1982, Essays on Bentham: Studies in Jurisprudence and Political Theory,
  • Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ——, 1994[1961], The Concept of Law, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hume, David, 1978[1888], A Treatise of Human Nature, 2nd ed., ed. by L. A. Selby-Bigge and rev. by P. H. Nidditch, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Kaplow, Louis and Steven Shavell, 2002, Fairness versus Welfare, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Kramer, Matthew H., 1998, “Rights Without Trimmings,” in Matthew H. Kramer, N. E.
  • Simmonds, and Hillel Steiner, A Debate over Rights: Philosophical Enquiries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 7-111.
  • Lyons, David, 1994, Rights, Welfare, and Mill’s Moral Theory, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • MacCormick, D. N., 1977, “Rights in Legislation,” in P. M. S. Hacker and J. Raz (eds.), Law
  • Morality, and Society: Essays in Honour of H. L. A. Hart, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 189-209.
  • Mill, J. S., 1998[1871], Utilitarianism, ed. by Roger Crisp, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Moore, Michael, 1997, Placing Blame: A General Theory of the Criminal Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Morimura, Susumu, 1989, Rights and Persons: A Normative Theory of Ultra-individualism, Tokyo: Sobunsha (in Japanese).
  • Nino, C. S., 1983, “A Consensual Theory of Punishment,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 12(4): 289-306.
  • Posner, Richard A., 1999, The Problematics of Moral and Legal Theory, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Rawls, John, 1999[1971], A Theory of Justice, rev. ed., Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
  • Raz, Joseph, 1979, The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • ——, 1986, The Morality of Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Riker, William H., 1988[1982], Liberalism Against Populism: A Confrontation Between the Theory of Democracy and the Theory of Social Choice, Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
  • Rummel, R. J., 1994, Death by Government, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction.
  • Russett, Bruce, 1993, Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Post- Cold War World, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Steiner, Hillel, 1998, “Working Rights,” in Matthew H. Kramer, N. E. Simmonds, and Hillel
  • Steiner, A Debate over Rights: Philosophical Enquiries, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 233-301.
  • Tamanaha, Brian Z., 2006, Law as a Means to an End: Threat to the Rule of Law, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Usami, Makoto, 1993, Law as Public Decision: Interpreting the Practice of Law, Tokyo: Bokutakusha (in Japanese).
  • ——, 2000, Collective Decision Making, Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press (in Japanese).
  • Wellman, Carl, 1985, A Theory of Rights: Persons Under Laws, Institutions, and Morals, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Allanheld.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA39TS36SY
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Makoto Usamı Bu kişi benim

Şule Şahin Ceylan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2012
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Mart 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Usamı, Makoto, ve Şule Şahin Ceylan. “Politika Olarak Hukuk: Adalet Ve Yarar”. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 61, sy. 1 (Mart 2012): 429-58. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001661.
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