CICERO’NUN İLK MÜDÂFİLİĞİ: PRO SEXTO ROSCIO AMERINO

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 2, 265 - 324, 28.12.2020

Fehmi Kerem Bilgin , Halide Gökçe Türkoğlu

Öz

Cicero baba katliyle itham edilen Ameria’lı Sextus Roscius’un savunmasını üstlenerek yirmi yedi yaşındayken ilk defa bir ceza davasında görev aldı (M.Ö. 80). Cicero’nun senatörlerden oluşan bir jüri ihtivâ eden dâimî bir mahkeme (quaestio perpetua) önünde görülen bu ilk kamu davası (causa publica) gayrı insânî bir îdamla cezalandırılabilecek parricidium suçuna ilişkin olmanın ötesinde siyâsî açıdan da hassâsiyet arz etmekteydi. Roscius davası iç savaşın neden olduğu toplumsal kargaşanın etkilerinin sürdüğü bir dönemde görüldü. Sulla rejiminin getirdiği siyâsî, kurumsal ve sosyal dönüşümlerin yarattığı zemine oturan bu dava cumhuriyetin krizine ve Roma ceza yargılamasının gelişimine ışık tutması nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır. Müvekkilinin berâat etmesini sağlayan Cicero’ya büyük îtibar ve şöhret kazandıran bu dava netîcesinde genç hatip her türlü dava için yetkin addedilir oldu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cicero, parricidium, poena cullei, yasaklama listeleri, Sulla

Cicero’s First Criminal Defence: Pro Sexto Roscio Amerino

Öz

Cicero took his first criminal case at the age of twenty-seven by accepting the defence of Sextus Roscius of Ameria who was charged with the murder of his father (80 B.C.). Apart from pertaining to parricidium which could be punished with an inhumane death penalty, Cicero’s first public case (causa publica) before a permanent senatorial jury court (quaestio perpetua) was politically sensitive. The Roscius case was heard in a period where the effects of the social chaos caused by the civil war were still continuing. The case which took place against the political, institutional and social transformations brought in by the Sullan regime is important for shedding light on the crisis of the Republic and the evolution of Roman criminal procedure. Gaining the acquittal of his client, Cicero rose t o new heights of prominence and came to be considered competent for any kind of case.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cicero, parricidium, poena cullei, proscription lists, Sulla

Kaynakça

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