Arabian Child Dictionary Corpus: Towards a New Language Resource

Öz

The child dictionary helps in developing the verbal wealth of the native language and plays an important role in the language acquisition process. Despite the existence of this type of dictionaries in many human languages, the Arabic library is almost devoid of children dictionaries in its precise sense: existing dictionaries are classified as scholas-tic or simple. In order to draw attention to the importance and need for this dictionary, this study seeks to build a linguistic corpus that will be a resource for the Arabian child dictionary. The researcher derives the material of the corpus from Arabic texts directed at children in the stages of childhood: Early, middle, and late. He also uses statistical analysis methods and natural language processing tools to extract basic data from the corpus. The study aims to provide a systematic vision for building a linguistic corpus for the Arabian child; it also aims to suggest a conception of the distribution of lexical information in the intended dictionary. The study reached a number of results, includ-ing providing a new language resource in Arabic language, providing a method for build-ing and developing this resource for the purpose of lexicography and preparing three lexical models for the age groups of the Arabian child.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lexicography
• Educational Linguistics
• Linguistic Corpus
• Language Acquisition
• Arabic learning
• Child language

مُدوَّنة مُعجَم الطِّفل العَربيّ: نَحْوَ مَوردٍ لُغويٍّ جَديد

Öz

ساعدُ مُعجمُ الطِّفل في تنمية الثَّروة اللَّفظيَّة لأبناء اللُّغة الأمّ، ويُؤدِّي دورًا مُهمًّا في عمليَّة اكتساب اللُّغة. ومع وجود هذا النَّوع من المعاجم في العديد من اللُّغات الإنسانيَّة، فإنَّ المكتبة العربيَّة تكاد تخلو من معاجم الطِّفل بمفهومها الدَّقيق؛ حيثُ تُصَنَّفُ المعاجمُ الموجودة على أنَّها مدرسيَّة أو مُيَسَّرة. ورغبةً في توجيه العناية إلى أهمِّيَّة هذا الـمُعجم والحاجة إليه، فإنَّ هذه الدِّراسة تسعى إلى بناء مُدوَّنةٍ لُغويَّة تكونُ موردًا لـمُعجم الطِّفل العربيّ. ويستمدُّ الباحثُ مادَّةَ الـمُدوَّنة من النُّصُوص العربيَّة الـمُوَجَّهة للطِّفل في مراحل الطُّفولة: الـمُبكِّرة، والـمُتوسِّطة، والـمُتأخِّرة؛ كما يستعينُ بأساليب التَّحليل الإحصائيّ وأدوات مُعالجة اللُّغات الطَّبيعيَّة في استخلاص البيانات الأساسيَّة. وتهدفُ الدِّراسةُ إلى: تقديم رُؤيةٍ منهجيَّة لبناء مُدوَّنةٍ لُغويَّة للطِّفل العربيّ؛ كما تهدفُ إلى اقتراح تصوُّر لتوزيع المعلومات الـمُعجميَّة في الـمُعجم المنشود. وقد توصَّلَت الدِّراسةُ إلى جُملةٍ من النَّتائج، منها: توفيرُ موردٍ لُغويٍّ جديد في اللُّغة العربيَّة، وتقديمُ منهجٍ لبناء هذا المورد وتطويره لغاية الصِّناعة الـمُعجميَّة، وإعداد ثلاثة نماذج مُعجميَّة تُناسبُ الفئات العُمريَّة للطِّفل العربيّ

Anahtar Kelimeler

• صناعة الـمُعجم
• اللِّسانيَّات التَّربويَّة
• الـمُدوَّنة اللُّغويَّة
• اكتساب اللُّغة
• تعلُّم العربيَّ
• لُغة الطِّفل

Arapça Çocuk Sözlüğü Derlemesi: Yeni Bir Dil Kaynağına Doğru

Öz

Çocuk sözlüğü, ana dilin sözel zenginliğinin gelişmesine yardımcı olur ve dil edinim süreçlerinde önemli rol oynar. Çoğu dilde bu tür sözlükler bulunmasına rağmen, Arap kütüphanesi çocuk sözlüklerinden neredeyse tamamen yoksundur. Çünkü mevcut sözlükler eğitimsel veya kolaylaştırılmış sözlükler olarak sınıflandırılır. Bu çalışma ise böyle bir sözlüğün önemine ve ihtiyacına dikkat çekmek için Arapça çocuk sözlüğüne kaynak olabilecek dilsel bir derleme oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada, derlemenin materyallerinin hazırlama aşamasında erken, orta ve geç çocukluk dönemlerindeki çocuklara hitap eden Arapça metinlerden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca, yazı boyunca temel verileri gösterebilmek için istatistiksel analiz yöntemleri ve doğal dil işleme araçları da kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, çocuklar için dil derlemesi oluşturmaya yönelik medodik bir vizyon sunmayı, bununla beraber sözlük boyunca sözlüksel bilgilerin dağılımına dair bir fikir önermeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma genel olarak Arap dilinde yeni bir dil kaynağı teklif etmiş, bu kaynağın inşa ve geliştirilmesine yönelik yöntem belirlemiş ve Arap çocuklarının yaş gruplarına uygun üç sözlük modeli örneği sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sözlük Bilimi
• Eğitimsel Dilbilim
• Dil Derlemesi
• Dil Edinimi
• Arapça Öğrenme
• Çocuk Dili

Kaynakça

1. al-ʿAshīrī, Maḥmūd, ʿAbd el-ʿāṭī Hawwārī, and Muḥammad al-Badrashīnī. “Naḥwa benāʾ Muʿjam al-Faṣīḥ min Masmūʿ al-Ṭifl al-ʿArabī bel-ʾEʿtemād ʿalā Mudawwana Muḥawsaba Muwassama.” Majalla Kulliyya al-Ādāb bijāmiʿa al-Suways 10 (2017): 1-41.
2. Anthony, Laurence. “AntConc: A freeware corpus analysis toolkit for concordancing and text analysis.” (August 15, 2021) http://www.laurenceanthony.net/software/antpconc.
3. Āyat Mawlūd, Yasmīna. “al-Ṭifl bayna Lugha al-ʾUm wa al-Lugha al-Fuṣḥa.” Majalla al-Mumārasāt al-Lughawyya 14 (2012): 45-53.
4. Bechennec-Le Mounier, Danielle at al. Mon Premier Dictionnaire Nathan: 3-6 ans. Paris: Nathan, 2013.
5. Braun, Christina. Duden - Kindergarten-Lexikon. Augsburg: Weltbild, 2019.
6. Collins Uk. Collins Children's Dictionary: Learn with Words. United Kingdom: HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2018.
7. al-Dāwūdī, Zāhir bin Marhūn. “Muʿjam al-Ṭifl al-ʿArabī bayna al-Wāqiʿ wal-Maʾmūl.” Majalla al-ʾĀdāb wal-ʿUlūm al-Ejtimāʿyya, 10:2 (2019): 18-27.
8. Dralle, Anette. PONS Wörterbuch für Grundschulkinder Deutsch: der Komplette Grundschulwortschatz. Deutschland: Pons, 2013.

9. Ibn Midwar, Salīma. “al-Muʿjam al-Madrasī Nayna al-Taʾlīf wal-Istiʿmāl: Dirāsa Waṣfiyya Taḥlīlyya Maydāniyya.” MA diss., University of Algiers, 2006.
10. Elyas, Juzīf. Manhal ʾal-Lugha al-Ṣaghīr. Qubruṣ: Manshūrat al-Rimāl, 1997.
11. Erviti, Aneider Iza. Discourse Constructions in English: Meaning, Form, and Hierarchies. Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics. Berlin: Springer Nature, 2021.
12. Frontiers for young minds. “Frontiers: A leading Open Access Publisher and Open Science Platform.” (November 20, 2021) https://kids.frontiersin.org/ar.
13. Girac-Marinier, Carine. Le Dictionnaire Larousse des Débutants CP/CE. Paris: Larousse, 2021.
14. Gouws, Rufus. Wörterbücher: Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2008.
15. Greenwood, Marie, and Dorling Kindersley Publishing Staff. First Children's Dictionary. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2016.
16. Harris, John. Early Language Development: Implications for Clinical and Educational Practice. England: Routledge, 2020.
17. al-Ḥilwa, Nawāl. “Naḥwa Muʿjam Muḥawsab lel-Taqābul al-Dilālī fi Ḍawʾ Mudawwana Sketch Engine.” Majalla Jāmiʿa ʾUmm al-Qurā 27 (2021): 211-255.
18. Ho, Don. “Notepad++: A free source code editor and Notepad replacement.” (December 12, 2021) https://notepad-plus-plus.org.
19. Jirjis, Jirjis Mīshāl, and ʾAnṭwān Naṣrī Ḥuwais. al-Muʿjam al-Madrasī lel-Ṭullāb. Bayrūt: al-Maktaba al-Ḥadītha lel-Ṭibāʿa wal-Nashr.
20. Lalgudi, Sujatha. Dictionnaire Enfants: Les Premiers Mots: C'est Noël, Dictionnaire Pour Enfant, Premiers Mots Français, Enfant 3-6 Ans. Scotts Valley, California: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.
21. Le Robert. Dictionnaire Le Robert Junior Illustré. Paris: Le Robert, 2020.
22. Lisiecka-Czop, Magdalena. Kinderwörterbücher: lexikografische und glottodidaktische Eigenschaften am Beispiel deutsch-polnischer und polnisch-deutscher Wörterbücher. Pieterlen and Bern: Peter Lang Edition, 2013.
23. Majmaʿ al-Lugha al-ʿArabiyya bel-Qāhira. Al-Muʿjam al-Wajīz. al-Qāhira: Maṭbūʿāt Majmaʿ al-Lugha al-ʿArabiyya, 1980.
24. al-Marāghī, Manār Kamāl al-Dīn. “Muʿjam lugha al-Ṭifl fī Sanawātihi al-ʾŪlā: Dirāsa Lughawyya Taṭbīqiyya.” Majalla Philology 68 (2017): 61-81.
25. Masʿūd, Jubrān. Rāʾed al-Ṭullāb. Bayrūt: Dār ʾal-ʿilm lil-Malāyīn, 1967.
26. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster's Dictionary for Children. Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, 2021.
27. QCRI (Qatar Computing Research Institute). “Farasa: The state-of-the-art full-stack package to deal with Arabic Language Processing.” (February 2, 2022) https://farasa.qcri.org.
28. Ramaḍānī, Farīda. “Dawr al-Tamathulāt al-Dhihnyya fī benāʾ Muʿjam al-Ṭifl min Manẓūr al-ʿUlūm al-Maʿrifyya.” Majalla Jusūr al-Maʿrifa, Jāmiʿa Ḥasība bin Būʿalī al-Shilf 5:3 (2019): 115-128.
29. Scholastic. Scholastic Children's Dictionary. New York: Scholastic, 2019.
30. Smith, Miranda. Das Grosse Kinderlexikon: Grundschulwissen. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2009.
31. Unsplash. “Unsplash: Beautiful Free Images & Pictures.” (February 20, 2022) https://unsplash.com/s/photos/open-source.
32. Wikijunior. “The Arabic version of Wikijunior.” (November 15, 2021) https://wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior.
33. Zein, Subhan, and Sue Garton. Early Language Learning and Teacher Education: International Research and Practice. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 2019.