Abū Bakr al-Rāzī's Doubts About Galen: The Question of the Epistemological Approach

Öz

This research examines the status of Arab-Muslim science in the Islamic world and its relationship with the Greek heritage. This is done by reviewing the sceptical position of Abū Bakr al-Rāzī towards the conclusions of his teacher Galen. Although al-Rāzī gained something from Galen's work, he refuted his medical and philosophical ideas and cor-rected them in his book Doubts About Galen. The research examines the approach taken by Abū Bakr al-Rāzī in criticising his teacher. He attempts to prove the existence of a qualitative and audacious epistemological approach. This is due to al-Rāzī's wish to breach intellectual stereotypes and challenge epistemological paternalism. The study adopts a critical, contextual and comparative analytical approach. The nature of the ap-proach is qualitative. One of the most important conclusions of the research is that al-Rāzī adopted an innovative epistemological approach to his scepticism, through which he put to the test Galen's metaphysical and logical assumptions, thereby demonstrating the fragility of his argument.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Abū Bakr al-Rāzī
• Galen
• Systematic doubt
• Epistemology
• Arab-Muslim Philosophy.

Ebû Bekir er-Rāzī 'nin Galen Hakkındaki Şüpheleri: Epistemolojik Yöntem Sorunu

Öz

Bu araştırma Arap-Müslüman biliminin durumunu ve Yunan mirasıyla ilişkisini incelemektedir. Bu inceleme, Ebû Bekir er-Râzî'nin, hocası Galen'in vardığı sonuçlara yönelik şüpheci yaklaşımının gözden geçirilmesiyle yapılmaktadır. Râzî, Galen'in eserinden istifade etmiş olsa da onun tıbbi ve felsefi fikirlerini çürütmüş ve bunları "Galen Hakkında Şüpheler" adlı kitabında düzeltmiştir. Araştırma, Ebû Bekir er-Râzî'nin hocasını eleştirirken benimsediği yöntemi inceleyerek, niteliksel ve cesur bir epistemolojik yaklaşımın varlığını kanıtlamaya çalışmaktadır. Razi’nin bu yaklaşımı, onun entelektüel stereotipleri yıkma ve epistemolojik paternalizme meydan okuma arzusundan kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışma eleştirel, bağlamsal ve karşılaştırmalı analitik bir yaklaşımı benimsemiştir. Yaklaşımın doğası ise nitelikseldir. Araştırmanın en önemli sonuçlarından biri, Râzî'nin şüpheciliğiyle yenilikçi bir epistemolojik yöntem benimseyerek, Galen'in metafizik ve mantıksal delillendirmelerinin kırılganlığını ortaya koymasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ebû Bekir er-Rāzī
• Galen
• Şüpheci Yöntem
• Epistemoloji
• Arap-İslam Felsefesi.

شُكوك أبي بكر الرازي على جالينوس سؤال النَّهج الإبستيمولوجي

Öz

يُحاول البحث النَّظر في وَضعية العِلم العربي الإسلامي وعلاقته بالموروث اليوناني. وهذا من خلال مراجعة موقف أبي بكر الرازي الشَّكّي من آراء مُعلمه جالينوس. فرغم إفادة الرازي من مُصنفاته، إلا أنه نَقض أفكاره الطبية والفلسفية واستدرك عليه في كتابه " الشكوك على جالينوس". يَتقصَّى البحث المنهج الذي اتبعه أبو بكر الرازي في نقد مُعلمه. ويُحاول إثبات وُجود تناول إبستمولوجي نَوعي وجريء؛ يَظهر من رغبة الرازي في قطع النَّمطية الفكرية و وضْع الأبَوية المعرفية موضع السؤال. تَتبنّى الدراسة المنهج التحليلي النقدي والسّياقي والمقارن. وأما طبيعة المقاربة، فهي نوعية. ومِن أهمِّ ما تَوصَّل إليه البحث؛ هو تبنِيّ الرازي لمنهج ابستيمولوجي مُبتَكر في شكوكه، وَضَع من خلاله قضايا جالينوس الميتافيزيقيّة والمنطقيّة على المحك مُبيّناً هشاشة براهينه.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• أبو بكر الرازي
• جالينوس
• الشّك المنهجي
• الإبستيمولوجيا
• الفلسفة العربية الإسلامية.

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