Araştırma Makalesi

An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument

Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1 31 Mayıs 2024
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An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument

Öz

This article addresses a written debate between Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī (d. 675 AH/1277 AD) and Nasīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (d. 672 AH/1274 AD) on the contingency argument, which is one of the most well-known proofs offered in history regarding the existence of God. According to thinkers before al-Kātibī, the contingency argument verifies the Necessary Being, and then it debunks the possibility of infinite regress. By “earlier thinkers,” al-Kātibī means especially Avicenna (d. 428 AH/1037 AD) and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210). According to al-Kātibī, the notion of the Necessary Being was proved through the contingency argument they put forward, but a careful examination of their arguments indicates that they presented no definitive proof refuting the notion of infinite regress. Therefore, according to al-Kātibī, what Avicenna and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī claimed to prove the impossibility of infinite regress through the contingency argument is not valid. As al-Ṭūsī responded to al-Kātibī’s objections, a debate consisting of three letters from each side emerged between them. At the end of the debate, al-Kātibī found al-Ṭūsī’s explanations reasonable, and he admitted that they were correct. However, the parties did not mention the agreed version of the argument at the end of the debate. For this reason, I added this agreed argument at the end of this study in accordance with the parties’ declarations. The purpose of the present study is to analyse this debate in its natural order and to eliminate technical ambiguities it involves, defending Avicenna’s, al-Rāzī’s, and al-Ṭūsī’s philosophical position in the contingency argument about proving the impossibility of infinite regress through the argument. On the other hand, this debate is an epitome of the classical debate tradition. It is also significant in the sense that it reveals one of the best examples of the interdisciplinary discussion between kalām and philosophical schools, and the application of classical logic to theoretical disciplines. As a result of our analyses of the debate, we have concluded that the objections brought by al-Kātibī against the contingency argument in parallel with the conclusion of the debate accepted by the parties, maintain the contingency argument. According to this conclusion, the contingency argument is a proof which invalidates infinite regress while proving the existence of the Necessary Being.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Aristoteles. Metaphysics. Çev. Ahmet Arslan. 2. baskı. İstanbul: Divan Kitap, 2019.
  2. Avicenna, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥuṣain Ibn ʿAbd Allāh. al-Ishārāt wa-l-Tanbīhāt. Çev. Muhittin Macit ve diğerleri. Istanbul: Litera Publishing, 2015.
  3. Avicenna, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥuṣain Ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Kitāb al-najāt fī l-ḥikma al-manṭiqiyya wa-l-ṭabīʿiyya wa-l-ilāhiyya. ed. Majid Fahri. Beirut: Dār al-Āfāq al-Jadīda, 1982.
  4. Avicenna, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥuṣain Ibn ʿAbd Allāh. Kitāb al-Shifāʾ Metaphysics I. Çev. Ekrem Demirli-Ömer Türker. Istanbul: Litera Publishing, 2013.
  5. Demirkol, Murat. “Kâtibî ve Tûsî’de Tanrı’nın Varlığını Zincirlemenin İptali Yoluyla İspatlama.” Kelam Araştırmaları Dergisi 9:2 (2011): 93-129.
  6. Erdem, Engin. Varlıktan Tanrı’ya. İstanbul: Endülüs Yayınları, 2016.
  7. Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh (Abū’l-Fazl) Muhammad Ibn ʿumar Ibn al-Husayn. Çev. Eşref Altaş. Istanbul: Klasik Publications, 2019.
  8. Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh (Abū’l-Fazl) Muhammad Ibn ʿumar Ibn al-Husayn. Sharḥ al-ishārāt wa-l-tanbīhāt. Tah. Ali Rıza Necefzâde. 2 c. Tahran: Encümen Âsâr Mefâhir Ferhengî, 1384.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

İslam Felsefesi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Mayıs 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Ağustos 2023

Kabul Tarihi

23 Mayıs 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 65 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Küçük, M. T. (2024). An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 65(1), 261-287. https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1352500
AMA
1.Küçük MT. An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument. AÜİFD. 2024;65(1):261-287. doi:10.33227/auifd.1352500
Chicago
Küçük, Mehmet Tayfun. 2024. “An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 65 (1): 261-87. https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1352500.
EndNote
Küçük MT (01 Mayıs 2024) An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 65 1 261–287.
IEEE
[1]M. T. Küçük, “An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument”, AÜİFD, c. 65, sy 1, ss. 261–287, May. 2024, doi: 10.33227/auifd.1352500.
ISNAD
Küçük, Mehmet Tayfun. “An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 65/1 (01 Mayıs 2024): 261-287. https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1352500.
JAMA
1.Küçük MT. An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument. AÜİFD. 2024;65:261–287.
MLA
Küçük, Mehmet Tayfun. “An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 65, sy 1, Mayıs 2024, ss. 261-87, doi:10.33227/auifd.1352500.
Vancouver
1.Mehmet Tayfun Küçük. An Analysis of the Debate between al-Ṭūsī and al-Kātibī on Contingency Argument. AÜİFD. 01 Mayıs 2024;65(1):261-87. doi:10.33227/auifd.1352500

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