Arke Araştırmasının Üçüncü Kısmı: Yasa İlkesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 65 Sayı: 2, 599 - 626, 30.11.2024

Ebubekir Alan

https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1504443

Öz

Kuşkucuları ve ahlakçıları hariç tutarsak Antik Yunan’da felsefe yapmak, bilim yapmak anlamına geliyordu. Felsefe-bilim ise doğayı üç ilke açısından incelemekten ibaretti. Aristoteles bunlara maddi neden, fail neden ve biçimsel neden adını vermişti. Ona göre kendisinden önce bu ilkeler yeterli şekilde incelenmemişti, hatta biçimsel neden tümüyle ihmal edilmişti. Öte yandan Platon bu üç ilkenin tamamını Timaeus eserinde eksiksiz şekilde işlemiş olmasına rağmen, Aristoteles Timaios’u görmezden gelip Platon’un bir fizikçi olmadığını söyleyerek arke araştırmasın tarihini karmaşık hale getirdi. Bu makale maddi neden ve fail nedenlerden sonraki üçüncü ilkenin, Tales’ten Platon’a kadar olan gelişimini konu almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arke, Biçimsel Neden, İdealar, Timaios

The Third Part of The Studies on Arche: The Principle of Law

Öz

In Ancient Greece, apart from skeptics and ethicists, practicing philosophy essentially meant engaging science, particularly physics and cosmology. The primary goal of this philosophy-science was to explain nature through three fundamental principles, which Aristotle identified as the material cause, the efficient cause, and the formal cause. Aristotle argued that these principles had been inadequately addressed by his predecessors, with the formal cause often overlooked. While Plato developed all three principles in Timaeus, Aristotle complicated the history of the studies on arche by ignoring Timaeus and claiming that Plato was not a physicist. This article focuses on the evolution of the third principle -the formal cause- within this framework, tracing its evolution from Thales to Plato.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arche, Formal Cause, Ideas, Timaeus

Kaynakça

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