Restoration of the 21st Century Socialism in Latin America: Bolivia and Peru Cases

Öz

In this study, the change created by the 21st century socialism in Latin America is examined through two countries. First, the 21st century socialism is briefly described and the society and administrative structure it aims to create is explained. Later, the recent history and current developments of Bolivia and Peru were examined, and the recent developments were evaluated in the context of the change created by the 21st century socialism in the continent. The fact that Bolivia is a country that has implemented the 21st century socialism model makes it easier to observe social demands and changes. However, Peru is a country that has experienced long-term political instability and did not implement the policies of 21st century socialisms during the period when this ideology came to the fore in Latin America.
In both countries, the socialist candidates won the latest elections in 2021. However, the historical process of the countries and the career differences of the selected candidates put the two countries in a different place. At this point, the question arises whether the 21st century socialism has created a social change in the continent after its implementation by Hugo Chavez in Venezuela. In this study, the idea that the change took place with the president who came to power in Peru and the MAS came back to power after the coup in Bolivia with great support was analyzed through the recent history of these two countries, the evaluation of the conditions that created the restoration, and the discourse and actions of the elected presidents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peru
• Bolivia
• 21st Century Socialism
• Latin America.

Latin Amerika’da 21. Yüzyıl Sosyalizminin Restorasyonu: Bolivya ve Peru Örnekleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada 21. yüzyıl sosyalizminin Latin Amerika’da yarattığı değişim iki ülke üzerinden incelenmiştir. İlk olarak 21. yüzyıl sosyalizmi kısaca anlatılmış ve oluşturmayı hedeflediği toplum ve yönetim yapısı açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra Bolivya ve Peru’nun yakın tarihleri ve güncel gelişmeleri incelenmiş, son dönem gelişmeleri 21. yüzyıl sosyalizminin kıtada yarattığı değişim bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bolivya’nın 21. yüzyıl sosyalizmi modelini uygulamış bir ülke oluşu, toplumsal taleplerin ve değişimin daha kolay gözlemlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Ancak Peru uzun süreli siyasi istikrarsızlık yaşayan ve 21. yüzyıl sosyalizminin Latin Amerika’da öne çıktığı dönemde bunu deneyimlememiş bir ülkedir.
Her iki ülkede de 2021’de yapılan son seçimleri sosyalist adaylar kazanmıştır. Ancak hem ülkelerin tarihsel süreçleri hem seçilen adayların kariyer farklılıkları iki ülkeyi farklı yere koymaktadır. 21. yüzyıl sosyalizminin Venezuela’da Hugo Chavez ile uygulanışının ardından kıta içerisinde toplumsal bir değişim yaratıp yaratmadığı sorusu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu değişimin Peru’da işbaşına gelen başkanla ve Bolivya’da MAS’ın darbeden sonra iktidara büyük bir destekle geri gelmesiyle gerçekleştiği düşüncesi bu iki ülkenin yakın tarihi, restorasyonu oluşturan koşulların değerlendirilmesi ve seçilen başkanların söylem ve eylemleri üzerinden analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Peru
• Bolivya
• 21. Yüzyıl Sosyalizmi
• Latin Amerika.

Kaynakça

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