Araştırma Makalesi

Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia

Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1 22 Mayıs 2024
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Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia

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This article examines the development of ethno-religious nationalism in Georgia under the presidencies of Gamsakhurdia, Shevardnadze, and Saakashvili, with a focus on Muslim minorities. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Georgia faced numerous challenges, including ethnic conflicts, civil war, and economic unrest, which hindered the state- and nation-building efforts of the political elite. The ideological vacuum was filled by the Georgian Orthodox Church, which, in addition to its historical role in uniting Georgians, further strengthened the role of religion, resulting in the deep interweaving of ethnic and religious identities. Consequently, being ethnically Georgian and belonging to the Georgian Orthodox Church became prerequisites for being considered a “proper Georgian,” overshadowing the civil understanding required by Western liberal democracies. Based on interviews conducted in Georgia in 2016 and 2017, the study argues that Georgia operated as an ethnic democracy, posing a significant obstacle to civic integration and inclusive nation-building. Furthermore, Islam, as a minority religion associated with past “invaders” and neighboring countries, faced security-driven policies, leading to discrimination against Muslim minorities such as Adjarians, Meskhetian/Ahıska Turks, Azeris/Borchalı Turks, and Kists, who do not align with the Georgian Orthodox Church.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. 10 December Report on the Situation of the Protection of the Human Rights and Freedoms in Georgia (2016). The Public Defender of Georgia. Retrieved from: http://www.ombudsman.ge/uploads/other/4/4088.pdf (Accessed: 04.04.2017)
  2. Asker, A. & Öğütçü Ö.N. (2016). Borçalı Türkleri: İslam, Mezhep ve Din Temelli Sorunlar. In Aydıngün, A., Asker, A. & Şir, A.Y. (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Toplıluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, (pp. 219-244). Ankara: AVİM.
  3. Aydıngün, A. (2013). The ethnification and nationalisation of religion in the post-Soviet Georgian nation-state building process: a source of discrimination and minority rights violations? The International Journal of Human Rights, 17(7-8), 810-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2013.859136
  4. Aydıngün, A. (2016). Etnik Demokrasinde Müslüman Azınlık Olmak: Yeni Başlangıçlar Mümkün mü? In Aydıngün, A., Asker, A. & Şir, A.Y. (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Toplıluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, (pp. 405-424). Ankara: AVİM.
  5. Aydıngün, A. (2016). Gürcistan’da Din, Kimlik ve Müslüman Din Azınlıklar. Etnik Demokrasinde Müslüman Azınlık Olmak: Yeni Başlangıçlar Mümkün mü? In Aydıngün, A., Asker, A. & Şir, A.Y. (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Toplıluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, (pp.1-22). Ankara: AVİM.
  6. Aydıngün, A., Asker, A. & Üner A. (2016). Pankisi Vadisi’nde Kistler: Selefilik, Gelenekçilik, Kimlik ve Siyaset In Aydıngün, A., Asker, A. & Şir, A.Y. (Eds.), Gürcistan’daki Müslüman Toplıluklar: Azınlık Hakları, Kimlik, Siyaset, (pp. 347-370). Ankara: AVİM.
  7. Brubaker, R. (1995). National Minorities, Nationalizing States, and External National Homelands in The New Europe, Daedalus. 124 (2), 107-132.
  8. Carothers, T. (2002). The end of the transition paradigm. Journal of democracy, 13(1), 5-21.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer), Avrupa Çalışmaları, Bölgesel Çalışmalar, Uluslararası İlişkilerde Siyaset

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

22 Mayıs 2024

Yayımlanma Tarihi

22 Mayıs 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

13 Temmuz 2023

Kabul Tarihi

25 Mart 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Biletska, Y. (2024). Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 24(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1326754
AMA
1.Biletska Y. Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2024;24(1):39-48. doi:10.25294/auiibfd.1326754
Chicago
Biletska, Yuliya. 2024. “Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 24 (1): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1326754.
EndNote
Biletska Y (01 Mayıs 2024) Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 24 1 39–48.
IEEE
[1]Y. Biletska, “Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, c. 24, sy 1, ss. 39–48, May. 2024, doi: 10.25294/auiibfd.1326754.
ISNAD
Biletska, Yuliya. “Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi 24/1 (01 Mayıs 2024): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1326754.
JAMA
1.Biletska Y. Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2024;24:39–48.
MLA
Biletska, Yuliya. “Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, c. 24, sy 1, Mayıs 2024, ss. 39-48, doi:10.25294/auiibfd.1326754.
Vancouver
1.Yuliya Biletska. Minorities Confront Ethno-Religious Nationalism in an Ethnic Democracy: the Case of Georgia. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 01 Mayıs 2024;24(1):39-48. doi:10.25294/auiibfd.1326754

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