Alman Savunma ve Güvenlik Politikasına Dair Bir İnceleme: Almanya Geri Mi Döndü?

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra kurulan Almanya Federal Cumhuriyeti, savunma ve güvenlik politikalarını dış ve iç faktörlerin etkisiyle pasifist ve çok taraflı bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde oluşturmuştur. 1955 yılında Kuzey Atlantik Antlaşması Örgütü (NATO) üyesi olunması Federal Almanya’nın ulusal güvenliğini teminat altına alarak bu yaklaşıma dayanak sağlamış ve bu durum Soğuk Savaş sürecinde Alman stratejik kültürünü de şekillendirmiştir. Rusya ile ticari ilişkilerin geliştirilmesine olanak tanıyan bu anlayış, uluslararası ticaretin büyük bir önem taşıdığı Alman ekonomisinin büyümesine de katkı sağlamıştır. Bununla birlikte Rusya’nın 2014 yılında Kırım’ı ilhakı ile başlayan süreçte, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Avrupa Birliği merkezli olmak üzere Almanya’nın dış ve güvenlik politikasında değişime yönelik artan baskılar, Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya 24 Şubat 2022 tarihindeki saldırısı ile doruk noktasına ulaşmıştır. Bu makalede Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya 2022 yılındaki saldırısının Almanya’nın güvenlik yaklaşımı için bir dönüm noktası teşkil ettiği ileri sürülmüş ve bu alandaki değişim savunma ve güvenlik politikasını şekillendiren unsurlar ekseninde tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Almanya
• Savunma ve Güvenlik Politikası
• Stratejik Kültür
• Bundeswehr

An Examination of German Defense and Security Policy: Is Germany Back?

Öz

The Federal Republic of Germany, founded after World War II, has formed its defense and security policies within the framework of a pacifist and multilateral approach under the influence of external and internal factors. Becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1955 provided the basis for this approach by ensuring the national security of the Federal Republic of Germany, and this situation also shaped the German strategic culture during the Cold War. This understanding, which allowed for the development of trade relations with Russia, also contributed to the growth of the German economy, where international trade is of great importance. However, the increasing pressures for change in Germany’s foreign and security policy, centered on the United States and the European Union, which began with Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, reached their peak with Russia’s attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022. This article argues that Russia’s attack on Ukraine in 2022 constitutes a turning point for Germany’s security approach and discusses the change in this area in the context of the factors shaping defense and security policy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Germany
• Defense and Security Policy
• Strategic Culture
• Bundeswehr

Kaynakça

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