Doğal Kaynak Kullanımı, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Finansal Gelişme, Teknolojik Yenilik, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım ve Kişi Başına GSYİH’nın Çevre Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkileri: G7 Ülkelerinden Kanıtlar

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1981–2022 döneminde G7 ülkeleri için ekolojik ayak izini sürdürülebilir çevresel performans göstergesi olarak değerlendirerek doğal kaynak kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi, finansal gelişme, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve kişi başına GSYİH ilişkilerini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada panel eşbütünleşme testi ile uzun dönem denge ilişkisi doğrulanmış, ardından CCE-MG tahmincisiyle uzun vadeli etkiler incelenmiştir. Ampirik bulgular, ekonomik büyümenin başlangıçta çevresel bozulmayı artırdığını, ancak gelir düzeyi yükseldiğinde çevrenin iyileştiğini göstererek Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE)  hipotezini desteklemektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji ile bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) çevre üzerinde azaltıcı etki yaparken; doğal kaynak kullanımının ve finansal gelişmenin çevresel baskıyı artırdığı, doğrudan yabancı yatırımların ise anlamlı etkisinin olmadığı bulunmuştur. Çalışma, sürdürülebilir büyüme hedefleriyle uyumlu politika çerçevelerine ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ekolojik Ayak İzi
• Sürdürülebilir Gelişim
• G7 Ülkeleri
• Finansal Gelişme
• Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi

The Effects of Natural Resource Use, Renewable Energy, Financial Development, Technological Innovation, Foreign Direct Investment, and GDP per Capita on Environmental Pollution: Evidence from G7 Countries

Öz

This study examines the relationships between natural resource use, renewable energy consumption, financial development, information and communication technologies (ICT), foreign direct investment (FDI), and per capita GDP in G7 countries over the period 1981–2022, with the ecological footprint considered as an indicator of environmental sustainability. The analysis begins with Westerlund’s (2007) panel cointegration test to confirm the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship and then employs Pesaran’s (2006) Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE-MG) estimator to assess long-term effects. The results support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, showing that economic growth at first worsens environmental quality but later contributes to improvements as income rises. In addition, renewable energy use and ICT development help to ease environmental pressures, while natural resource dependence and financial development increase them. FDI, however, is found to have no significant impact. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for policy frameworks that align with sustainable development goals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ecological Footprint
• Sustainable Development
• G7 Countries
• Financial Development
• Panel Cointegration Test

Kaynakça

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